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Factored getting started guide into separate windows and *nix documents

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# Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
# Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
import docutils ;
import path ;
sources = [ path.glob . : *.rst ] ;
bases = $(sources:S=) ;
# This is a path relative to the html/ subdirectory where the
# generated output will eventually be moved.
stylesheet = "--stylesheet=../../rst.css" ;
for local b in $(bases)
{
html $(b) : $(b).rst :
<docutils-html>"--link-stylesheet --traceback --trim-footnote-reference-space --footnote-references=superscript "$(stylesheet)
;
}
alias htmls : $(bases) ;
stage . : $(bases) ;

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Prepare to Use a Boost Library Binary
=====================================
If you want to use any of the separately-compiled Boost libraries,
you'll need to acquire library binaries.

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Boost.Build_ is a text-based system for developing, testing, and
installing software. To use it, you'll need an executable called
``bjam``.
.. |precompiled-bjam| replace:: pre-compiled ``bjam`` executables
.. _precompiled-bjam: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&package_id=72941
.. _Boost.Jam documentation: Boost.Jam_
.. _Boost.Build: ../../tools/build/index.html
.. _Boost.Jam: ../../tools/jam/index.html
.. _Boost.Build documentation: Boost.Build_
Get ``bjam``
............
``bjam`` is the |command-line tool| that drives the Boost Build
system. To build Boost binaries, you'll invoke ``bjam`` from the
Boost root.
Boost provides |precompiled-bjam|_ for a variety of platforms.
Alternatively, you can build ``bjam`` yourself using `these
instructions`__.
__ ../../doc/html/jam/building.html
.. _toolset:
.. _toolset-name:
Identify Your Toolset
.....................
First, find the toolset corresponding to your compiler in the
following table.
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|Toolset |Vendor |Notes |
|Name | | |
+===========+====================+=============================+
|``acc`` |Hewlett Packard |Only very recent versions are|
| | |known to work well with Boost|
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``borland``|Borland | |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``como`` |Comeau Computing |Using this toolset may |
| | |require configuring__ another|
| | |toolset to act as its backend|
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``cw`` |Metrowerks/FreeScale|The CodeWarrior compiler. We|
| | |have not tested versions of |
| | |this compiler produced since |
| | |it was sold to FreeScale. |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``dmc`` |Digital Mars |As of this Boost release, no |
| | |version of dmc is known to |
| | |handle Boost well. |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``darwin`` |Apple Computer |Apple's version of the GCC |
| | |toolchain with support for |
| | |Darwin and MacOS X features |
| | |such as frameworks. |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``gcc`` |The Gnu Project |Includes support for Cygwin |
| | |and MinGW compilers. |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``hp_cxx`` |Hewlett Packard |Targeted at the Tru64 |
| | |operating system. |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``intel`` |Intel | |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``kylix`` |Borland | |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``msvc`` |Microsoft | |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``qcc`` |QNX Software Systems| |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``sun`` |Sun |Only very recent versions are|
| | |known to work well with |
| | |Boost. |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
|``vacpp`` |IBM |The VisualAge C++ compiler. |
+-----------+--------------------+-----------------------------+
__ Boost.Build_
If you have multiple versions of a particular compiler installed,
you can append the version number to the toolset name, preceded by a
hyphen, e.g. ``msvc-7.1`` or ``gcc-3.4``.
.. Note:: if you built ``bjam`` yourself, you may
have selected a toolset name for that purpose, but that does not
affect this step in any way; you still need to select a Boost.Build
toolset from the table.
.. _build directory:
.. _build-directory:
Select a Build Directory
........................
Boost.Build_ will place all intermediate files it generates while
building into the **build directory**. If your Boost root
directory is writable, this step isn't strictly necessary: by
default Boost.Build will create a ``bin.v2/`` subdirectory for that
purpose in your current working directory.
Invoke ``bjam``
...............
.. |build-directory| replace:: *build-directory*
.. |toolset-name| replace:: *toolset-name*
Change your current directory to the Boost root directory and
invoke ``bjam`` as follows:
.. parsed-literal::
bjam **--build-dir=**\ |build-directory|_ **--toolset=**\ |toolset-name|_ stage

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Boost.Build will place the Boost binaries in the ``stage``\ |/|
subdirectory of your `build directory`_.
.. Note:: ``bjam`` is case-sensitive; it is important that all the
parts shown in **bold** type above be entirely lower-case.
For a description of other options you can pass when invoking
``bjam``, type::
bjam --help
In particular, to limit the amount of time spent building, you may
be interested in:
* reviewing the list of library names with ``--show-libraries``
* limiting which libraries get built with the ``--with-``\
*library-name* or ``--without-``\ *library-name* options
* choosing a specific build variant by adding ``release`` or
``debug`` to the command line.
Expected Build Output
---------------------
During the process of building Boost libraries, you can expect to
see some messages printed on the console. These may include
* Notices about Boost library configuration—for example, the Regex
library outputs a message about ICU when built without Unicode
support, and the Python library may be skipped without error (but
with a notice) if you don't have Python installed.
* Messages from the build tool that report the number of targets
that were built or skipped. Don't be surprised if those numbers
don't make any sense to you; there are many targets per library.
* Build action messages describing what the tool is doing, which
look something like:
.. parsed-literal::
*toolset-name*.c++ *long*\ /\ *path*\ /\ *to*\ /\ *file*\ /\ *being*\ /\ *built*
* Compiler warnings.
In Case of Build Errors
-----------------------
The only error messages you see when building Boost—if any—should
be related to the IOStreams library's support of zip and bzip2
formats as described here__. Install the relevant development
packages for libz and libbz2 if you need those features. Other
errors when building Boost libraries are cause for concern.
__ ../../libs/iostreams/doc/installation.html
If it seems like the build system can't find your compiler and/or
linker, consider setting up a ``user-config.jam`` file as described
in the `Boost.Build documentation`_. If that isn't your problem or
the ``user-config.jam`` file doesn't work for you, please address
questions about configuring Boost for your compiler to the
`Boost.Build mailing list`_.

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Build a Simple Program Using Boost
==================================
To keep things simple, let's start by using a header-only library.
The following program reads a sequence of integers from standard
input, uses Boost.Lambda to multiply each number by three, and
writes them to standard output::
#include <boost/lambda/lambda.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
int main()
{
using namespace boost::lambda;
typedef std::istream_iterator<int> in;
std::for_each(
in(std::cin), in(), std::cout << (_1 * 3) << " " );
}
Copy the text of this program into a file called ``example.cpp``.

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
.. [#warnings] Remember that warnings are specific to each compiler
implementation. The developer of a given Boost library might
not have access to your compiler. Also, some warnings are
extremely difficult to eliminate in generic code, to the point
where it's not worth the trouble. Finally, some compilers don't
have any source code mechanism for suppressing warnings.
.. [#distinct] This convention distinguishes the static version of
a Boost library from the import library for an
identically-configured Boost DLL, which would otherwise have the
same name.
.. [#debug-abi] These libraries were compiled without optimization
or inlining, with full debug symbols enabled, and without
``NDEBUG`` ``#define``\ d. All though it's true that sometimes
these choices don't affect binary compatibility with other
compiled code, you can't count on that with Boost libraries.
.. [#native] This feature of STLPort is deprecated because it's
impossible to make it work transparently to the user; we don't
recommend it.

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
.. |//| replace:: **/**
.. |/| replace:: ``/``
.. |default-root| replace:: ``/usr/local/``\ |boost_ver|
.. |default-root-bold| replace:: **/usr/local/**\ |boost_ver-bold|
.. |root| replace:: *path/to/*\ |boost_ver|
.. |forward-slashes| replace:: `` ``
.. |precompiled-dir| replace:: `` ``
.. |include-paths| replace:: `` ``
.. |command-line tool| replace:: command-line tool
.. include:: common.rst

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
.. |//| replace:: **\\**
.. |/| replace:: ``\``
.. |default-root| replace:: ``C:\Program Files\boost\``\ |boost_ver|
.. |default-root-bold| replace:: **C:\\Program Files\\boost\\**\ |boost_ver-bold|
.. |root| replace:: *path\\to\\*\ |boost_ver|
.. |include-paths| replace:: Specific steps for setting up ``#include``
paths in Microsoft Visual Studio follow later in this document;
if you use another IDE, please consult your product's
documentation for instructions.
.. |forward-slashes| replace:: Even Windows users can (and, for
portability reasons, probably should) use forward slashes in
``#include`` directives; your compiler doesn't care.
.. |precompiled-dir| replace::
**lib**\ |//| .....................\ *precompiled library binaries*
.. |command-line tool| replace:: `command-line tool`_
.. include:: common.rst

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
.. |next| replace:: *skip to the next step*

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Conclusion and Further Resources
================================
This concludes your introduction to Boost and to integrating it
with your programs. As you start using Boost in earnest, there are
surely a few additional points you'll wish we had covered. One day
we may have a “Book 2 in the Getting Started series” that addresses
them. Until then, we suggest you pursue the following resources.
If you can't find what you need, or there's anything we can do to
make this document clearer, please post it to the `Boost Users'
mailing list`_.
* `Boost.Build reference manual`_
* `Boost.Jam reference manual`_
* `Boost Users' mailing list`_
* `Boost.Build mailing list`_
* `Boost.Build Wiki`_
* `Index of all Boost library documentation`_
.. _Index of all Boost library documentation: ../../libs/index.html
.. Admonition:: Onward
.. epigraph::
Good luck, and have fun!
-- the Boost Developers
.. _Boost.Build reference manual: ../tools/build/v2
.. _Boost.Jam reference manual: `Boost.Jam`_
.. _Boost Users' mailing list: ../../more/mailing_lists.htm#users
.. _Boost.Build Wiki: http://www.crystalclearsoftware.com/cgi-bin/boost_wiki/wiki.pl?Boost.Build_V2
.. _Boost.Build mailing list: ../../more/mailing_lists.htm#jamboost

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
The Boost Distribution
======================
This is is a sketch of the directory structure you'll end up with:
.. parsed-literal::
|boost_ver-bold|\ |//| .................\ *The “boost root directory”*
**index.htm** .........\ *A copy of www.boost.org starts here*
**boost**\ |//| .........................\ *All Boost Header files*
|precompiled-dir|
**libs**\ |//| ............\ *Tests, .cpp*\ s\ *, docs, etc., by library*
**index.html** ........\ *Library documentation starts here*
**algorithm**\ |//|
**any**\ |//|
**array**\ |//|
*…more libraries…*
**status**\ |//| .........................\ *Boost-wide test suite*
**tools**\ |//| ...........\ *Utilities, e.g. bjam, quickbook, bcp*
**more**\ |//| ..........................\ *Policy documents, etc.*
**doc**\ |//| ...............\ *A subset of all Boost library docs*
.. sidebar:: Header Organization
.. class:: pre-wrap
The organization of Boost library headers isn't entirely uniform,
but most libraries follow a few patterns:
* Some older libraries and most very small libraries place all
public headers directly into ``boost``\ |/|.
* Most libraries' public headers live in a subdirectory of
``boost``\ |/|, named after the library. For example, you'll find
the Python library's ``def.hpp`` header in
.. parsed-literal::
``boost``\ |/|\ ``python``\ |/|\ ``def.hpp``.
* Some libraries have an “aggregate header” in ``boost``\ |/| that
``#include``\ s all of the library's other headers. For
example, Boost.Python_'s aggregate header is
.. parsed-literal::
``boost``\ |/|\ ``python.hpp``.
* Most libraries place private headers in a subdirectory called
``detail``\ |/|, or ``aux_``\ |/|. Don't expect to find
anything you can use in these directories.
It's important to note the following:
.. _Boost root directory:
1. The path to the **boost root directory** (often |default-root|) is
sometimes referred to as ``$BOOST_ROOT`` in documentation and
mailing lists .
2. To compile anything in Boost, you need a directory containing
the ``boost``\ |/| subdirectory in your ``#include`` path. |include-paths|
3. Since all of Boost's header files have the ``.hpp`` extension,
and live in the ``boost``\ |/| subdirectory of the boost root, your
Boost ``#include`` directives will look like:
.. parsed-literal::
#include <boost/\ *whatever*\ .hpp>
or
.. parsed-literal::
#include "boost/\ *whatever*\ .hpp"
depending on your religion as regards the use of angle bracket
includes. |forward-slashes|
4. Don't be distracted by the ``doc``\ |/| subdirectory; it only
contains a subset of the Boost documentation. Start with
``libs``\ |/|\ ``index.html`` if you're looking for the whole enchilada.

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Errors and Warnings
-------------------
Don't be alarmed if you see compiler warnings originating in Boost
headers. We try to eliminate them, but doing so isn't always
practical. [#warnings]_ **Errors are another matter**. If you're
seeing compilation errors at this point in the tutorial, check to
be sure you've copied the `example program`__ correctly and that you've
correctly identified the `Boost root directory`_.
__ `Build a Simple Program Using Boost`_

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Header-Only Libraries
=====================
The first thing many people want to know is, “how do I build
Boost?” The good news is that often, there's nothing to build.
.. admonition:: Nothing to Build?
Most Boost libraries are **header-only**: they consist *entirely
of header files* containing templates and inline functions, and
require no separately-compiled library binaries or special
treatment when linking.
.. _separate:
The only Boost libraries that *must* be built separately are:
* Boost.Filesystem_
* Boost.IOStreams_
* Boost.ProgramOptions_
* Boost.Python_
* Boost.Regex_
* Boost.Serialization_
* Boost.Signals_
* Boost.Thread_
* Boost.Wave_
A few libraries have optional separately-compiled binaries:
* Boost.DateTime_ has a binary component that is only needed if
you're using its ``to_string``\ /\ ``from_string`` or serialization
features, or if you're targeting Visual C++ 6.x or Borland.
* Boost.Graph_ also has a binary component that is only needed if
you intend to `parse GraphViz files`__.
* Boost.Test_ can be used in “header-only” or “separately compiled”
mode, although **separate compilation is recommended for serious
use**.
__ ../../libs/graph/doc/read_graphviz.html

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
In order to choose the right binary for your build configuration
you need to know how Boost binaries are named. Each library
filename is composed of a common sequence of elements that describe
how it was built. For example,
``libboost_regex-vc71-mt-d-1_34.lib`` can be broken down into the
following elements:
``lib``
*Prefix*: except on Microsoft Windows, every Boost library
name begins with this string. On Windows, only ordinary static
libraries use the ``lib`` prefix; import libraries and DLLs do
not. [#distinct]_
``boost_regex``
*Library name*: all boost library filenames begin with ``boost_``.
``-vc71``
*Toolset tag*: identifies the toolset and version used to build
the binary.
``-mt``
*Threading tag*: indicates that the library was
built with multithreading support enabled. Libraries built
without multithreading support can be identified by the absence
of ``-mt``.
``-d``
*ABI tag*: encodes details that affect the library's
interoperability with other compiled code. For each such
feature, a single letter is added to the tag:
+-----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Key |Use this library when: |
+=====+==============================================================================+
|``s``|linking statically to the C++ standard library and compiler runtime support |
| |libraries. |
+-----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|``g``|using debug versions of the standard and runtime support libraries. |
+-----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|``y``|using a special `debug build of Python`__. |
+-----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|``d``|building a debug version of your code. [#debug-abi]_ |
+-----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|``p``|using the STLPort standard library rather than the default one supplied with |
| |your compiler. |
+-----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|``n``|using STLPort's deprecated “native iostreams” feature. [#native]_ |
+-----+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
For example, if you build a debug version of your code for use
with debug versions of the static runtime library and the
STLPort standard library in “native iostreams” mode,
the tag would be: ``-sgdpn``. If none of the above apply, the
ABI tag is ommitted.
``-1_34``
*Version tag*: the full Boost release number, with periods
replaced by underscores. For example, version 1.31.1 would be
tagged as "-1_31_1".
``.lib``
*Extension*: determined according to the operating system's usual
convention. On most \*nix platforms the extensions are ``.a``
and ``.so`` for static libraries (archives) and shared libraries,
respectively. On Windows, ``.dll`` indicates a shared library
and—except for static libraries built by ``gcc`` toolset, whose
names always end in ``.a``— ``.lib`` indicates a static or import
library. Where supported by \*nix toolsets, a full version
extension is added (e.g. ".so.1.34") and a symbolic link to the
library file, named without the trailing version number, will
also be created.
.. _Boost.Build toolset names: toolset-name_
__ ../../libs/python/doc/building.html#variants

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Link Your Program to a Boost Library
====================================
To demonstrate linking with a Boost binary library, we'll use the
following simple program that extracts the subject lines from
emails. It uses the Boost.Regex_ library, which has a
separately-compiled binary component. ::
#include <boost/regex.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
std::string line;
boost::regex pat( "^Subject: (Re: |Aw: )*(.*)" );
while (std::cin)
{
std::getline(std::cin, line);
boost::smatch matches;
if (boost::regex_match(line, matches, pat))
std::cout << matches[2] << std::endl;
}
}
There are two main challenges associated with linking:
1. Tool configuration, e.g. choosing command-line options or IDE
build settings.
2. Identifying the library binary, among all the build variants,
whose compile configuration is compatible with the rest of your
project.

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
.. _Boost.DateTime: ../../libs/date_time/index.html
.. _Boost.Filesystem: ../../libs/filesystem/index.html
.. _Boost.Graph: ../../libs/graph/index.html
.. _Boost.IOStreams: ../../libs/iostreams/index.html
.. _Boost.ProgramOptions: ../../libs/program_options/index.html
.. _Boost.Python: ../../libs/python/doc/building.html
.. _Boost.Regex: ../../libs/regex/index.html
.. _Boost.Serialization: ../../libs/serialization/index.html
.. _Boost.Signals: ../../libs/signals/index.html
.. _Boost.Test: ../../libs/test/index.html
.. _Boost.Thread: ../../libs/thread/index.html
.. _Boost.Wave: ../../libs/wave/index.html

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
.. This file contains all the definitions that need to be updated
.. for each new release of Boost.
.. |boost-version-number| replace:: 1.34.0
.. |boost_ver| replace:: ``boost_1_34_0``
.. |boost_ver-bold| replace:: **boost_1_34_0**
.. _sf-download: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&package_id=8041&release_id=376197

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Test Your Program
-----------------
To test our subject extraction, we'll filter the following text
file. Copy it out of your browser and save it as ``jayne.txt``::
To: George Shmidlap
From: Rita Marlowe
Subject: Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?
---
See subject.

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<h1 class="title"><a class="reference" href="../../index.htm"><img alt="Boost" class="boost-logo" src="../../boost.png" /></a> Getting Started</h1>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="welcome" name="welcome">Welcome</a></h1>
<p>Welcome to the Boost libraries! By the time you've completed this
tutorial, you'll be at least somewhat comfortable with the contents
of a Boost distribution and how to go about using it.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="what-s-here" name="what-s-here">What's Here</a></h1>
<p>This document is designed to be an <em>extremely</em> gentle introduction,
so we included a fair amount of material that may already be very
familiar to you. To keep things simple, we also left out some
information intermediate and advanced users will probably want. At
the end of this document, we'll refer you on to resources that can
help you pursue these topics further.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="preliminaries" name="preliminaries">Preliminaries</a></h1>
<p>We use one typographic convention that might not be immediately
obvious: <em>italic</em> text in examples is meant as a descriptive
placeholder for something else, usually information that you'll
provide. For example:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>$</strong> echo &quot;My name is <em>your name</em>&quot;
</pre>
<p>Here you're expected to imagine replacing the text “your name” with
your actual name.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a id="ready" name="ready">Ready?</a></h1>
<p>Let's go!</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="footer">
<hr class="footer" />
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<div class="line"><strong>Next:</strong> <a class="reference" href="windows.html">Getting Started on Microsoft Windows</a></div>
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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
============================
|(logo)|__ Getting Started
============================
.. |(logo)| image:: ../../boost.png
:alt: Boost
:class: boost-logo
__ ../../index.htm
Welcome
-------
Welcome to the Boost libraries! By the time you've completed this
tutorial, you'll be at least somewhat comfortable with the contents
of a Boost distribution and how to go about using it.
What's Here
-----------
This document is designed to be an *extremely* gentle introduction,
so we included a fair amount of material that may already be very
familiar to you. To keep things simple, we also left out some
information intermediate and advanced users will probably want. At
the end of this document, we'll refer you on to resources that can
help you pursue these topics further.
Preliminaries
-------------
We use one typographic convention that might not be immediately
obvious: *italic* text in examples is meant as a descriptive
placeholder for something else, usually information that you'll
provide. For example:
.. parsed-literal::
**$** echo "My name is *your name*\ "
Here you're expected to imagine replacing the text “your name” with
your actual name.
Ready?
------
Let's go!
.. footer::
.. class:: nextpage
| **Next:** `Getting Started on Microsoft Windows`__
| **or:** `Getting Started on Unix variants (e.g. Linux, MacOS)`__
__ windows.html
__ unix-variants.html

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<h1 class="title"><a class="reference" href="../../index.htm"><img alt="Boost" class="boost-logo" src="../../boost.png" /></a> Getting Started on Unix Variants</h1>
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.. Admonition:: A note to Cygwin_ and MinGW_ users
If you plan to build from the Cygwin_ bash shell, you're in the
right place. If you plan to use your tools from the Windows
command prompt, you should follow the instructions for `getting
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.. _`Getting Started on Windows`: windows.html
.. _Cygwin: http://www.cygwin.com
.. _MinGW: http://mingw.org -->
<div class="contents topic">
<p class="topic-title first"><a id="index" name="index">Index</a></p>
<ul class="auto-toc simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="#get-boost" id="id17" name="id17">1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Get Boost</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#the-boost-distribution" id="id18" name="id18">2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Boost Distribution</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#header-only-libraries" id="id19" name="id19">3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Header-Only Libraries</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#build-a-simple-program-using-boost" id="id20" name="id20">4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Build a Simple Program Using Boost</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#errors-and-warnings" id="id21" name="id21">4.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Errors and Warnings</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary" id="id22" name="id22">5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepare to Use a Boost Library Binary</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#easy-build-and-install" id="id23" name="id23">5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Easy Build and Install</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#or-custom-build-and-install" id="id24" name="id24">5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, Custom Build and Install</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#get-bjam" id="id25" name="id25">5.2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Get <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#identify-your-toolset" id="id26" name="id26">5.2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Identify Your Toolset</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#select-a-build-directory" id="id27" name="id27">5.2.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Select a Build Directory</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#invoke-bjam" id="id28" name="id28">5.2.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#expected-build-output" id="id29" name="id29">5.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expected Build Output</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#in-case-of-build-errors" id="id30" name="id30">5.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Case of Build Errors</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#link-your-program-to-a-boost-library" id="id31" name="id31">6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Link Your Program to a Boost Library</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#library-naming" id="id32" name="id32">6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Library Naming</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#test-your-program" id="id33" name="id33">6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Test Your Program</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#conclusion-and-further-resources" id="id34" name="id34">7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conclusion and Further Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17" id="get-boost" name="get-boost">1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Get Boost</a></h1>
<p>The most reliable way to get a copy of Boost is to download a
distribution from <a class="reference" href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&amp;package_id=8041&amp;release_id=376197">SourceForge</a>:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p class="first">Download <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.tar.bz2</span></tt>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">In the directory where you want to put the Boost installation,
execute</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
tar --bzip2 -xf <em>/path/to/</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>.tar.bz2
</pre>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition-other-packages admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">Other Packages</p>
<p class="last">RedHat, Debian, and other distribution packagers supply Boost
library packages, however you may need to adapt these
instructions if you use third-party packages, because their
creators usually choose to break Boost up into several packages,
reorganize the directory structure of the Boost distribution,
and/or rename the library binaries.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#packagers" id="id2" name="id2"><sup>1</sup></a> If you have
any trouble, we suggest using an official Boost distribution
from <a class="reference" href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&amp;package_id=8041&amp;release_id=376197">SourceForge</a>.</p>
</div>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18" id="the-boost-distribution" name="the-boost-distribution">2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Boost Distribution</a></h1>
<p>This is is a sketch of the directory structure you'll end up with:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>boost_1_34_0</strong><strong>/</strong> .................<em>The “boost root directory”</em>
<strong>index.htm</strong> .........<em>A copy of www.boost.org starts here</em>
<strong>boost</strong><strong>/</strong> .........................<em>All Boost Header files</em>
<tt class="docutils literal"> </tt>
<strong>libs</strong><strong>/</strong> ............<em>Tests, .cpp</em>s<em>, docs, etc., by library</em>
<strong>index.html</strong> ........<em>Library documentation starts here</em>
<strong>algorithm</strong><strong>/</strong>
<strong>any</strong><strong>/</strong>
<strong>array</strong><strong>/</strong>
<em>…more libraries…</em>
<strong>status</strong><strong>/</strong> .........................<em>Boost-wide test suite</em>
<strong>tools</strong><strong>/</strong> ...........<em>Utilities, e.g. bjam, quickbook, bcp</em>
<strong>more</strong><strong>/</strong> ..........................<em>Policy documents, etc.</em>
<strong>doc</strong><strong>/</strong> ...............<em>A subset of all Boost library docs</em>
</pre>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="first sidebar-title">Header Organization</p>
<p class="pre-wrap">The organization of Boost library headers isn't entirely uniform,
but most libraries follow a few patterns:</p>
<ul class="pre-wrap last">
<li><p class="first">Some older libraries and most very small libraries place all
public headers directly into <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Most libraries' public headers live in a subdirectory of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt>, named after the library. For example, you'll find
the Python library's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">def.hpp</span></tt> header in</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">def.hpp</span></tt>.
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Some libraries have an “aggregate header” in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> that
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt>s all of the library's other headers. For
example, <a class="reference" href="../../libs/python/doc/building.html">Boost.Python</a>'s aggregate header is</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python.hpp</span></tt>.
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Most libraries place private headers in a subdirectory called
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">detail</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt>, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">aux_</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt>. Don't expect to find
anything you can use in these directories.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>It's important to note the following:</p>
<ol class="arabic" id="boost-root-directory">
<li><p class="first">The path to the <strong>boost root directory</strong> (often <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>) is
sometimes referred to as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$BOOST_ROOT</span></tt> in documentation and
mailing lists .</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">To compile anything in Boost, you need a directory containing
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> subdirectory in your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> path. <tt class="docutils literal"> </tt></p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Since all of Boost's header files have the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.hpp</span></tt> extension,
and live in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> subdirectory of the boost root, your
Boost <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> directives will look like:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &lt;boost/<em>whatever</em>.hpp&gt;
</pre>
<p>or</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &quot;boost/<em>whatever</em>.hpp&quot;
</pre>
<p>depending on your religion as regards the use of angle bracket
includes. <tt class="docutils literal"> </tt></p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Don't be distracted by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">doc</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt> subdirectory; it only
contains a subset of the Boost documentation. Start with
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libs</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index.html</span></tt> if you're looking for the whole enchilada.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19" id="header-only-libraries" name="header-only-libraries">3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Header-Only Libraries</a></h1>
<p>The first thing many people want to know is, “how do I build
Boost?” The good news is that often, there's nothing to build.</p>
<div class="admonition-nothing-to-build admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">Nothing to Build?</p>
<p class="last">Most Boost libraries are <strong>header-only</strong>: they consist <em>entirely
of header files</em> containing templates and inline functions, and
require no separately-compiled library binaries or special
treatment when linking.</p>
</div>
<p id="separate">The only Boost libraries that <em>must</em> be built separately are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/filesystem/index.html">Boost.Filesystem</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/iostreams/index.html">Boost.IOStreams</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/program_options/index.html">Boost.ProgramOptions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/python/doc/building.html">Boost.Python</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/regex/index.html">Boost.Regex</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/serialization/index.html">Boost.Serialization</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/signals/index.html">Boost.Signals</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/thread/index.html">Boost.Thread</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/wave/index.html">Boost.Wave</a></li>
</ul>
<p>A few libraries have optional separately-compiled binaries:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/date_time/index.html">Boost.DateTime</a> has a binary component that is only needed if
you're using its <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to_string</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from_string</span></tt> or serialization
features, or if you're targeting Visual C++ 6.x or Borland.</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/graph/index.html">Boost.Graph</a> also has a binary component that is only needed if
you intend to <a class="reference" href="../../libs/graph/doc/read_graphviz.html">parse GraphViz files</a>.</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/test/index.html">Boost.Test</a> can be used in “header-only” or “separately compiled”
mode, although <strong>separate compilation is recommended for serious
use</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20" id="build-a-simple-program-using-boost" name="build-a-simple-program-using-boost">4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Build a Simple Program Using Boost</a></h1>
<p>To keep things simple, let's start by using a header-only library.
The following program reads a sequence of integers from standard
input, uses Boost.Lambda to multiply each number by three, and
writes them to standard output:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &lt;boost/lambda/lambda.hpp&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;iterator&gt;
#include &lt;algorithm&gt;
int main()
{
using namespace boost::lambda;
typedef std::istream_iterator&lt;int&gt; in;
std::for_each(
in(std::cin), in(), std::cout &lt;&lt; (_1 * 3) &lt;&lt; &quot; &quot; );
}
</pre>
<p>Copy the text of this program into a file called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">example.cpp</span></tt>.</p>
<p>Now, in the directory where you saved <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">example.cpp</span></tt>, issue the
following command:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
c++ -I <em>path/to/</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> example.cpp -o example
</pre>
<p>To test the result, type:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
echo 1 2 3 | ./example
</pre>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21" id="errors-and-warnings" name="errors-and-warnings">4.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Errors and Warnings</a></h2>
<p>Don't be alarmed if you see compiler warnings originating in Boost
headers. We try to eliminate them, but doing so isn't always
practical.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#warnings" id="id4" name="id4"><sup>3</sup></a> <strong>Errors are another matter</strong>. If you're
seeing compilation errors at this point in the tutorial, check to
be sure you've copied the <a class="reference" href="#build-a-simple-program-using-boost">example program</a> correctly and that you've
correctly identified the <a class="reference" href="#boost-root-directory">Boost root directory</a>.</p>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22" id="prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary" name="prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary">5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepare to Use a Boost Library Binary</a></h1>
<p>If you want to use any of the separately-compiled Boost libraries,
you'll need to acquire library binaries.</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23" id="easy-build-and-install" name="easy-build-and-install">5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Easy Build and Install</a></h2>
<p>Issue the following commands in the shell (don't type <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$</span></tt>; that
represents the shell's prompt):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>$</strong> cd <em>path/to/</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>
<strong>$</strong> ./configure --help
</pre>
<p>Select your configuration options and invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">./configure</span></tt> again
without the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--help</span></tt> option. Unless you have write permission in
your system's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/usr/local/</span></tt> directory, you'll probably want to at
least use</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>$</strong> ./configure <strong>--prefix=</strong><em>path</em>/<em>to</em>/<em>installation</em>/<em>prefix</em>
</pre>
<p>to install somewhere else. Also, consider using the
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--show-libraries</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--with-libraries=</span></tt> options to limit the
long wait you'll experience if you build everything. Finally,</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>$</strong> make install
</pre>
<p>will leave Boost binaries in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/</span></tt> subdirectory of your
installation prefix. You will also find a copy of the Boost
headers in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">include/</span></tt> subdirectory of the installation
prefix, so you can henceforth use that directory as an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt>
path in place of the Boost root directory.</p>
<p><a class="reference" href="#link-your-program-to-a-boost-library"><em>skip to the next step</em></a></p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24" id="or-custom-build-and-install" name="or-custom-build-and-install">5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, Custom Build and Install</a></h2>
<p>If you're using a compiler other than your system's default, you'll
need to use <a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> to create binaries. You'll also
use this method if you need a nonstandard build variant (see the
<a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build documentation</a> for more details).</p>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<p><a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> is a text-based system for developing, testing, and
installing software. To use it, you'll need an executable called
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="section">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25" id="get-bjam" name="get-bjam">5.2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Get <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></h3>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> is the command-line tool that drives the Boost Build
system. To build Boost binaries, you'll invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> from the
Boost root.</p>
<p>Boost provides <a class="reference" href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&amp;package_id=72941">pre-compiled <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> executables</a> for a variety of platforms.
Alternatively, you can build <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> yourself using <a class="reference" href="../../doc/html/jam/building.html">these
instructions</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26" id="identify-your-toolset" name="identify-your-toolset"><span id="toolset-name"></span><span id="toolset"></span>5.2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Identify Your Toolset</a></h3>
<p>First, find the toolset corresponding to your compiler in the
following table.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils table">
<colgroup>
<col width="18%" />
<col width="33%" />
<col width="48%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Toolset
Name</th>
<th class="head">Vendor</th>
<th class="head">Notes</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">acc</span></tt></td>
<td>Hewlett Packard</td>
<td>Only very recent versions are
known to work well with Boost</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">borland</span></tt></td>
<td>Borland</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">como</span></tt></td>
<td>Comeau Computing</td>
<td>Using this toolset may
require <a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">configuring</a> another
toolset to act as its backend</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cw</span></tt></td>
<td>Metrowerks/FreeScale</td>
<td>The CodeWarrior compiler. We
have not tested versions of
this compiler produced since
it was sold to FreeScale.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dmc</span></tt></td>
<td>Digital Mars</td>
<td>As of this Boost release, no
version of dmc is known to
handle Boost well.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">darwin</span></tt></td>
<td>Apple Computer</td>
<td>Apple's version of the GCC
toolchain with support for
Darwin and MacOS X features
such as frameworks.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc</span></tt></td>
<td>The Gnu Project</td>
<td>Includes support for Cygwin
and MinGW compilers.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hp_cxx</span></tt></td>
<td>Hewlett Packard</td>
<td>Targeted at the Tru64
operating system.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">intel</span></tt></td>
<td>Intel</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kylix</span></tt></td>
<td>Borland</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">msvc</span></tt></td>
<td>Microsoft</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">qcc</span></tt></td>
<td>QNX Software Systems</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sun</span></tt></td>
<td>Sun</td>
<td>Only very recent versions are
known to work well with
Boost.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vacpp</span></tt></td>
<td>IBM</td>
<td>The VisualAge C++ compiler.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>If you have multiple versions of a particular compiler installed,
you can append the version number to the toolset name, preceded by a
hyphen, e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">msvc-7.1</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc-3.4</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">if you built <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> yourself, you may
have selected a toolset name for that purpose, but that does not
affect this step in any way; you still need to select a Boost.Build
toolset from the table.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27" id="select-a-build-directory" name="select-a-build-directory"><span id="id9"></span><span id="build-directory"></span>5.2.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Select a Build Directory</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> will place all intermediate files it generates while
building into the <strong>build directory</strong>. If your Boost root
directory is writable, this step isn't strictly necessary: by
default Boost.Build will create a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bin.v2/</span></tt> subdirectory for that
purpose in your current working directory.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28" id="invoke-bjam" name="invoke-bjam">5.2.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></h3>
<p>Change your current directory to the Boost root directory and
invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> as follows:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
bjam <strong>--build-dir=</strong><a class="reference" href="#id9"><em>build-directory</em></a> <strong>--toolset=</strong><a class="reference" href="#toolset-name"><em>toolset-name</em></a> stage
</pre>
<p>For example, your session might look like this:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$ cd ~/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>
$ bjam <strong>--build-dir=</strong>/tmp/build-boost <strong>--toolset=</strong>gcc
</pre>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<p>Boost.Build will place the Boost binaries in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stage</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/</span></tt>
subdirectory of your <a class="reference" href="#build-directory">build directory</a>.</p>
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> is case-sensitive; it is important that all the
parts shown in <strong>bold</strong> type above be entirely lower-case.</p>
</div>
<p>For a description of other options you can pass when invoking
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt>, type:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
bjam --help
</pre>
<p>In particular, to limit the amount of time spent building, you may
be interested in:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>reviewing the list of library names with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--show-libraries</span></tt></li>
<li>limiting which libraries get built with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--with-</span></tt><em>library-name</em> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--without-</span></tt><em>library-name</em> options</li>
<li>choosing a specific build variant by adding <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">release</span></tt> or
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">debug</span></tt> to the command line.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29" id="expected-build-output" name="expected-build-output">5.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expected Build Output</a></h2>
<p>During the process of building Boost libraries, you can expect to
see some messages printed on the console. These may include</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Notices about Boost library configuration—for example, the Regex
library outputs a message about ICU when built without Unicode
support, and the Python library may be skipped without error (but
with a notice) if you don't have Python installed.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Messages from the build tool that report the number of targets
that were built or skipped. Don't be surprised if those numbers
don't make any sense to you; there are many targets per library.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Build action messages describing what the tool is doing, which
look something like:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<em>toolset-name</em>.c++ <em>long</em>/<em>path</em>/<em>to</em>/<em>file</em>/<em>being</em>/<em>built</em>
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Compiler warnings.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30" id="in-case-of-build-errors" name="in-case-of-build-errors">5.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Case of Build Errors</a></h2>
<p>The only error messages you see when building Boost—if any—should
be related to the IOStreams library's support of zip and bzip2
formats as described <a class="reference" href="../../libs/iostreams/doc/installation.html">here</a>. Install the relevant development
packages for libz and libbz2 if you need those features. Other
errors when building Boost libraries are cause for concern.</p>
<p>If it seems like the build system can't find your compiler and/or
linker, consider setting up a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file as described
in the <a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build documentation</a>. If that isn't your problem or
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file doesn't work for you, please address
questions about configuring Boost for your compiler to the
<a class="reference" href="../../more/mailing_lists.htm#jamboost">Boost.Build mailing list</a>.</p>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31" id="link-your-program-to-a-boost-library" name="link-your-program-to-a-boost-library">6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Link Your Program to a Boost Library</a></h1>
<p>To demonstrate linking with a Boost binary library, we'll use the
following simple program that extracts the subject lines from
emails. It uses the <a class="reference" href="../../libs/regex/index.html">Boost.Regex</a> library, which has a
separately-compiled binary component.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &lt;boost/regex.hpp&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
int main()
{
std::string line;
boost::regex pat( &quot;^Subject: (Re: |Aw: )*(.*)&quot; );
while (std::cin)
{
std::getline(std::cin, line);
boost::smatch matches;
if (boost::regex_match(line, matches, pat))
std::cout &lt;&lt; matches[2] &lt;&lt; std::endl;
}
}
</pre>
<p>There are two main challenges associated with linking:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Tool configuration, e.g. choosing command-line options or IDE
build settings.</li>
<li>Identifying the library binary, among all the build variants,
whose compile configuration is compatible with the rest of your
project.</li>
</ol>
<p>There are two main ways to link to libraries:</p>
<ol class="upperalpha">
<li><p class="first">You can specify the full path to each library:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$ c++ -I <em>path/to/</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> example.cpp -o example <strong>\</strong>
<strong>~/boost/lib/libboost_regex-gcc-3.4-mt-d-1_34.a</strong>
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">You can separately specify a directory to search (with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-L</span></tt><em>directory</em>) and a library name to search for (with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-l</span></tt><em>library</em>,<a class="footnote-reference" href="#lowercase-l" id="id11" name="id11"><sup>2</sup></a> dropping the filename's leading <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib</span></tt> and trailing
suffix (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.a</span></tt> in this case):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
$ c++ -I <em>path/to/</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> example.cpp -o example <strong>\</strong>
<strong>-L~/boost/lib/ -lboost_regex-gcc-3.4-mt-d-1_34</strong>
</pre>
<p>As you can see, this method is just as terse as method A for one
library; it <em>really</em> pays off when you're using multiple
libraries from the same directory. Note, however, that if you
use this method with a library that has both static (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.a</span></tt>) and
dynamic (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.so</span></tt>) builds, the system may choose one
automatically for you unless you pass a special option such as
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-static</span></tt> on the command line.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>In both cases above, the bold text is what you'd add to <a class="reference" href="#build-a-simple-program-using-boost">the
command lines we explored earlier</a>.</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32" id="library-naming" name="library-naming">6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Library Naming</a></h2>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<p>In order to choose the right binary for your build configuration
you need to know how Boost binaries are named. Each library
filename is composed of a common sequence of elements that describe
how it was built. For example,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libboost_regex-vc71-mt-d-1_34.lib</span></tt> can be broken down into the
following elements:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Prefix</em>: except on Microsoft Windows, every Boost library
name begins with this string. On Windows, only ordinary static
libraries use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib</span></tt> prefix; import libraries and DLLs do
not.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#distinct" id="id13" name="id13"><sup>4</sup></a></dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_regex</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Library name</em>: all boost library filenames begin with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_</span></tt>.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-vc71</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Toolset tag</em>: identifies the toolset and version used to build
the binary.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-mt</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Threading tag</em>: indicates that the library was
built with multithreading support enabled. Libraries built
without multithreading support can be identified by the absence
of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-mt</span></tt>.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-d</span></tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first"><em>ABI tag</em>: encodes details that affect the library's
interoperability with other compiled code. For each such
feature, a single letter is added to the tag:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" class="docutils table">
<colgroup>
<col width="6%" />
<col width="94%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Key</th>
<th class="head">Use this library when:</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">s</span></tt></td>
<td>linking statically to the C++ standard library and compiler runtime support
libraries.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">g</span></tt></td>
<td>using debug versions of the standard and runtime support libraries.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">y</span></tt></td>
<td>using a special <a class="reference" href="../../libs/python/doc/building.html#variants">debug build of Python</a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">d</span></tt></td>
<td>building a debug version of your code.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#debug-abi" id="id14" name="id14"><sup>5</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">p</span></tt></td>
<td>using the STLPort standard library rather than the default one supplied with
your compiler.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt></td>
<td>using STLPort's deprecated “native iostreams” feature.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#native" id="id15" name="id15"><sup>6</sup></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p class="last">For example, if you build a debug version of your code for use
with debug versions of the static runtime library and the
STLPort standard library in “native iostreams” mode,
the tag would be: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-sgdpn</span></tt>. If none of the above apply, the
ABI tag is ommitted.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1_34</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Version tag</em>: the full Boost release number, with periods
replaced by underscores. For example, version 1.31.1 would be
tagged as &quot;-1_31_1&quot;.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.lib</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Extension</em>: determined according to the operating system's usual
convention. On most *nix platforms the extensions are <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.a</span></tt>
and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.so</span></tt> for static libraries (archives) and shared libraries,
respectively. On Windows, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.dll</span></tt> indicates a shared library
and—except for static libraries built by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc</span></tt> toolset, whose
names always end in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.a``—</span> <span class="pre">``.lib</span></tt> indicates a static or import
library. Where supported by *nix toolsets, a full version
extension is added (e.g. &quot;.so.1.34&quot;) and a symbolic link to the
library file, named without the trailing version number, will
also be created.</dd>
</dl>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id33" id="test-your-program" name="test-your-program">6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Test Your Program</a></h2>
<p>To test our subject extraction, we'll filter the following text
file. Copy it out of your browser and save it as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">jayne.txt</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
To: George Shmidlap
From: Rita Marlowe
Subject: Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?
---
See subject.
</pre>
<p>If you linked to a shared library, you may need to prepare some
platform-specific settings so that the system will be able to find
and load it when your program is run. Most platforms have an
environment variable to which you can add the directory containing
the library. On many platforms (Linux, FreeBSD) that variable is
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></tt>, but on MacOS it's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></tt>, and
on Cygwin it's simply <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">PATH</span></tt>. In most shells other than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">csh</span></tt>
and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tcsh</span></tt>, you can adjust the variable as follows (again, don't
type the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$</span></tt>—that represents the shell prompt):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>$</strong> <em>VARIABLE_NAME</em>=<em>path/to/lib/directory</em>:${<em>VARIABLE_NAME</em>}
<strong>$</strong> export <em>VARIABLE_NAME</em>
</pre>
<p>On <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">csh</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tcsh</span></tt>, it's</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>$</strong> setenv <em>VARIABLE_NAME</em> <em>path/to/lib/directory</em>:${<em>VARIABLE_NAME</em>}
</pre>
<p>Once the necessary variable (if any) is set, you can run your
program as follows:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>$</strong> <em>path</em>/<em>to</em>/<em>compiled</em>/example &lt; <em>path</em>/<em>to</em>/jayne.txt
</pre>
<p>The program should respond with the email subject, “Will Success
Spoil Rock Hunter?”</p>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id34" id="conclusion-and-further-resources" name="conclusion-and-further-resources">7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conclusion and Further Resources</a></h1>
<p>This concludes your introduction to Boost and to integrating it
with your programs. As you start using Boost in earnest, there are
surely a few additional points you'll wish we had covered. One day
we may have a “Book 2 in the Getting Started series” that addresses
them. Until then, we suggest you pursue the following resources.
If you can't find what you need, or there's anything we can do to
make this document clearer, please post it to the <a class="reference" href="../../more/mailing_lists.htm#users">Boost Users'
mailing list</a>.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="../tools/build/v2">Boost.Build reference manual</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../tools/jam/index.html">Boost.Jam reference manual</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../more/mailing_lists.htm#users">Boost Users' mailing list</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../more/mailing_lists.htm#jamboost">Boost.Build mailing list</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="http://www.crystalclearsoftware.com/cgi-bin/boost_wiki/wiki.pl?Boost.Build_V2">Boost.Build Wiki</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/index.html">Index of all Boost library documentation</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition-onward admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">Onward</p>
<blockquote class="epigraph last">
<p>Good luck, and have fun!</p>
<p class="attribution">&mdash;the Boost Developers</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="packagers" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2" name="packagers">[1]</a></td><td><p class="first">If developers of Boost packages would like to work
with us to make sure these instructions can be used with their
packages, we'd be glad to help. Please make your interest known
to the <a class="reference" href="../../more/mailing_lists.htm#main">Boost developers' list</a>.</p>
</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="lowercase-l" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id11" name="lowercase-l">[2]</a></td><td>That option is a dash followed by a lowercase “L”
character, which looks very much like a numeral 1 in some fonts.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="warnings" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id4" name="warnings">[3]</a></td><td>Remember that warnings are specific to each compiler
implementation. The developer of a given Boost library might
not have access to your compiler. Also, some warnings are
extremely difficult to eliminate in generic code, to the point
where it's not worth the trouble. Finally, some compilers don't
have any source code mechanism for suppressing warnings.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="distinct" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id13" name="distinct">[4]</a></td><td>This convention distinguishes the static version of
a Boost library from the import library for an
identically-configured Boost DLL, which would otherwise have the
same name.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="debug-abi" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id14" name="debug-abi">[5]</a></td><td>These libraries were compiled without optimization
or inlining, with full debug symbols enabled, and without
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NDEBUG</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#define</span></tt>d. All though it's true that sometimes
these choices don't affect binary compatibility with other
compiled code, you can't count on that with Boost libraries.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="native" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id15" name="native">[6]</a></td><td>This feature of STLPort is deprecated because it's
impossible to make it work transparently to the user; we don't
recommend it.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<!-- This file contains all the definitions that need to be updated -->
<!-- for each new release of Boost. -->
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
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</div>
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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
=============================================
|(logo)|__ Getting Started on Unix Variants
=============================================
.. meta::
:description: Getting Started with Boost on Unix Variants (including Linux and MacOS)
.. |(logo)| image:: ../../boost.png
:alt: Boost
:class: boost-logo
__ ../../index.htm
.. section-numbering::
.. maybe we don't need this
.. Admonition:: A note to Cygwin_ and MinGW_ users
If you plan to build from the Cygwin_ bash shell, you're in the
right place. If you plan to use your tools from the Windows
command prompt, you should follow the instructions for `getting
started on Windows`_. Other command shells, such as MinGW_\ 's
MSYS, are not supported—they may or may not work.
.. _`Getting Started on Windows`: windows.html
.. _Cygwin: http://www.cygwin.com
.. _MinGW: http://mingw.org
.. Contents:: Index
Get Boost
=========
The most reliable way to get a copy of Boost is to download a
distribution from SourceForge_:
.. _SourceForge: `sf-download`_
1. Download |boost.tar.bz2|.
2. In the directory where you want to put the Boost installation,
execute
.. parsed-literal::
tar --bzip2 -xf */path/to/*\ |boost_ver|\ .tar.bz2
.. |boost.tar.bz2| replace:: |boost_ver|\ ``.tar.bz2``
.. _`boost.tar.bz2`: `sf-download`_
.. Admonition:: Other Packages
RedHat, Debian, and other distribution packagers supply Boost
library packages, however you may need to adapt these
instructions if you use third-party packages, because their
creators usually choose to break Boost up into several packages,
reorganize the directory structure of the Boost distribution,
and/or rename the library binaries. [#packagers]_ If you have
any trouble, we suggest using an official Boost distribution
from SourceForge_.
.. include:: detail/distro.rst
.. include:: detail/header-only.rst
.. include:: detail/build-simple-head.rst
Now, in the directory where you saved ``example.cpp``, issue the
following command:
.. parsed-literal::
c++ -I |root| example.cpp -o example
To test the result, type:
.. parsed-literal::
echo 1 2 3 | ./example
.. include:: detail/errors-and-warnings.rst
.. include:: detail/binary-head.rst
Easy Build and Install
----------------------
Issue the following commands in the shell (don't type ``$``; that
represents the shell's prompt):
.. parsed-literal::
**$** cd |root|
**$** ./configure --help
Select your configuration options and invoke ``./configure`` again
without the ``--help`` option. Unless you have write permission in
your system's ``/usr/local/`` directory, you'll probably want to at
least use
.. parsed-literal::
**$** ./configure **--prefix=**\ *path*\ /\ *to*\ /\ *installation*\ /\ *prefix*
to install somewhere else. Also, consider using the
``--show-libraries`` and ``--with-libraries=`` options to limit the
long wait you'll experience if you build everything. Finally,
.. parsed-literal::
**$** make install
will leave Boost binaries in the ``lib/`` subdirectory of your
installation prefix. You will also find a copy of the Boost
headers in the ``include/`` subdirectory of the installation
prefix, so you can henceforth use that directory as an ``#include``
path in place of the Boost root directory.
|next|__
__ `Link Your Program to a Boost Library`_
Or, Custom Build and Install
----------------------------
If you're using a compiler other than your system's default, you'll
need to use Boost.Build_ to create binaries. You'll also
use this method if you need a nonstandard build variant (see the
`Boost.Build documentation`_ for more details).
.. include:: detail/build-from-source-head.rst
For example, your session might look like this:
.. parsed-literal::
$ cd ~/|boost_ver|
$ bjam **--build-dir=**\ /tmp/build-boost **--toolset=**\ gcc
.. include:: detail/build-from-source-tail.rst
.. include:: detail/link-head.rst
There are two main ways to link to libraries:
A. You can specify the full path to each library:
.. parsed-literal::
$ c++ -I |root| example.cpp -o example **\\**
**~/boost/lib/libboost_regex-gcc-3.4-mt-d-1_34.a**
B. You can separately specify a directory to search (with ``-L``\
*directory*) and a library name to search for (with ``-l``\
*library*, [#lowercase-l]_ dropping the filename's leading ``lib`` and trailing
suffix (``.a`` in this case):
.. parsed-literal::
$ c++ -I |root| example.cpp -o example **\\**
**-L~/boost/lib/ -lboost_regex-gcc-3.4-mt-d-1_34**
As you can see, this method is just as terse as method A for one
library; it *really* pays off when you're using multiple
libraries from the same directory. Note, however, that if you
use this method with a library that has both static (``.a``) and
dynamic (``.so``) builds, the system may choose one
automatically for you unless you pass a special option such as
``-static`` on the command line.
In both cases above, the bold text is what you'd add to `the
command lines we explored earlier`__.
__ `build a simple program using boost`_
Library Naming
--------------
.. include:: detail/library-naming.rst
.. include:: detail/test-head.rst
If you linked to a shared library, you may need to prepare some
platform-specific settings so that the system will be able to find
and load it when your program is run. Most platforms have an
environment variable to which you can add the directory containing
the library. On many platforms (Linux, FreeBSD) that variable is
``LD_LIBRARY_PATH``, but on MacOS it's ``DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH``, and
on Cygwin it's simply ``PATH``. In most shells other than ``csh``
and ``tcsh``, you can adjust the variable as follows (again, don't
type the ``$``\ —that represents the shell prompt):
.. parsed-literal::
**$** *VARIABLE_NAME*\ =\ *path/to/lib/directory*\ :${\ *VARIABLE_NAME*\ }
**$** export *VARIABLE_NAME*
On ``csh`` and ``tcsh``, it's
.. parsed-literal::
**$** setenv *VARIABLE_NAME* *path/to/lib/directory*\ :${\ *VARIABLE_NAME*\ }
Once the necessary variable (if any) is set, you can run your
program as follows:
.. parsed-literal::
**$** *path*\ /\ *to*\ /\ *compiled*\ /\ example < *path*\ /\ *to*\ /\ jayne.txt
The program should respond with the email subject, “Will Success
Spoil Rock Hunter?”
.. include:: detail/conclusion.rst
------------------------------
.. [#packagers] If developers of Boost packages would like to work
with us to make sure these instructions can be used with their
packages, we'd be glad to help. Please make your interest known
to the `Boost developers' list`_.
.. _Boost developers' list: ../../more/mailing_lists.htm#main
.. [#lowercase-l] That option is a dash followed by a lowercase “L”
character, which looks very much like a numeral 1 in some fonts.
.. include:: detail/common-footnotes.rst
.. include:: detail/release-variables.rst
.. include:: detail/common-unix.rst
.. include:: detail/links.rst

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<div class="document" id="logo-getting-started-on-windows">
<h1 class="title"><a class="reference" href="../../index.htm"><img alt="Boost" class="boost-logo" src="../../boost.png" /></a> Getting Started on Windows</h1>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<div class="admonition-a-note-to-cygwin-and-mingw-users admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">A note to <a class="reference" href="http://www.cygwin.com">Cygwin</a> and <a class="reference" href="http://mingw.org">MinGW</a> users</p>
<p class="last">If you plan to use your tools from the Windows command prompt,
you're in the right place. If you plan to build from the <a class="reference" href="http://www.cygwin.com">Cygwin</a>
bash shell, you're actually running on a POSIX platform and
should follow the instructions for <a class="reference" href="unix-variants.html">getting started on Unix
variants</a>. Other command shells, such as <a class="reference" href="http://mingw.org">MinGW</a>'s MSYS, are
not supported—they may or may not work.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents topic">
<p class="topic-title first"><a id="index" name="index">Index</a></p>
<ul class="auto-toc simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="#get-boost" id="id22" name="id22">1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Get Boost</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#the-boost-distribution" id="id23" name="id23">2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Boost Distribution</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#header-only-libraries" id="id24" name="id24">3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Header-Only Libraries</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#build-a-simple-program-using-boost" id="id25" name="id25">4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Build a Simple Program Using Boost</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#build-from-the-visual-studio-ide" id="id26" name="id26">4.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Build From the Visual Studio IDE</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#or-build-from-the-command-prompt" id="id27" name="id27">4.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, Build From the Command Prompt</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#errors-and-warnings" id="id28" name="id28">4.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Errors and Warnings</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary" id="id29" name="id29">5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepare to Use a Boost Library Binary</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#install-visual-studio-2005-or-net-2003-binaries" id="id30" name="id30">5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Install Visual Studio (2005 or .NET 2003) Binaries</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#or-build-and-install-binaries-from-source" id="id31" name="id31">5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, Build and Install Binaries From Source</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#get-bjam" id="id32" name="id32">5.2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Get <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#identify-your-toolset" id="id33" name="id33">5.2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Identify Your Toolset</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#select-a-build-directory" id="id34" name="id34">5.2.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Select a Build Directory</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#invoke-bjam" id="id35" name="id35">5.2.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#expected-build-output" id="id36" name="id36">5.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expected Build Output</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#in-case-of-build-errors" id="id37" name="id37">5.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Case of Build Errors</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#link-your-program-to-a-boost-library" id="id38" name="id38">6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Link Your Program to a Boost Library</a><ul class="auto-toc">
<li><a class="reference" href="#link-from-within-the-visual-studio-ide" id="id39" name="id39">6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Link From Within the Visual Studio IDE</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#or-link-from-the-command-prompt" id="id40" name="id40">6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, Link From the Command Prompt</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#library-naming" id="id41" name="id41">6.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Library Naming</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#test-your-program" id="id42" name="id42">6.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Test Your Program</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="#conclusion-and-further-resources" id="id43" name="id43">7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conclusion and Further Resources</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22" id="get-boost" name="get-boost">1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Get Boost</a></h1>
<p>The easiest way to get a copy of Boost is to use the <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost-consulting.com/download/windows">installer</a>
provided by <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost-consulting.com">Boost Consulting</a>. We especially recommend this
method if you use Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003 or Microsoft
Visual Studio 2005, because the installer can download and install
precompiled library binaries, saving you the trouble of building
them yourself. To complete this tutorial, you'll need to at least
install the <a class="reference" href="../../libs/regex/index.html">Boost.Regex</a> binaries when given the option.</p>
<p>If you're using an earlier version of Visual Studio or some other
compiler, or if you prefer to build everything yourself, you can
download <a class="reference" href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&amp;package_id=8041&amp;release_id=376197"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.exe</span></tt></a> and run it to install a complete Boost
distribution.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#zip" id="id2" name="id2"><sup>1</sup></a></p>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23" id="the-boost-distribution" name="the-boost-distribution">2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Boost Distribution</a></h1>
<p>This is is a sketch of the directory structure you'll end up with:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<strong>boost_1_34_0</strong><strong>\</strong> .................<em>The “boost root directory”</em>
<strong>index.htm</strong> .........<em>A copy of www.boost.org starts here</em>
<strong>boost</strong><strong>\</strong> .........................<em>All Boost Header files</em>
<strong>lib</strong><strong>\</strong> .....................<em>precompiled library binaries</em>
<strong>libs</strong><strong>\</strong> ............<em>Tests, .cpp</em>s<em>, docs, etc., by library</em>
<strong>index.html</strong> ........<em>Library documentation starts here</em>
<strong>algorithm</strong><strong>\</strong>
<strong>any</strong><strong>\</strong>
<strong>array</strong><strong>\</strong>
<em>…more libraries…</em>
<strong>status</strong><strong>\</strong> .........................<em>Boost-wide test suite</em>
<strong>tools</strong><strong>\</strong> ...........<em>Utilities, e.g. bjam, quickbook, bcp</em>
<strong>more</strong><strong>\</strong> ..........................<em>Policy documents, etc.</em>
<strong>doc</strong><strong>\</strong> ...............<em>A subset of all Boost library docs</em>
</pre>
<div class="sidebar">
<p class="first sidebar-title">Header Organization</p>
<p class="pre-wrap">The organization of Boost library headers isn't entirely uniform,
but most libraries follow a few patterns:</p>
<ul class="pre-wrap last">
<li><p class="first">Some older libraries and most very small libraries place all
public headers directly into <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Most libraries' public headers live in a subdirectory of
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt>, named after the library. For example, you'll find
the Python library's <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">def.hpp</span></tt> header in</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">def.hpp</span></tt>.
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Some libraries have an “aggregate header” in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt> that
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt>s all of the library's other headers. For
example, <a class="reference" href="../../libs/python/doc/building.html">Boost.Python</a>'s aggregate header is</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python.hpp</span></tt>.
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Most libraries place private headers in a subdirectory called
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">detail</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt>, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">aux_</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt>. Don't expect to find
anything you can use in these directories.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>It's important to note the following:</p>
<ol class="arabic" id="boost-root-directory">
<li><p class="first">The path to the <strong>boost root directory</strong> (often <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\Program</span> <span class="pre">Files\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>) is
sometimes referred to as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$BOOST_ROOT</span></tt> in documentation and
mailing lists .</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">To compile anything in Boost, you need a directory containing
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt> subdirectory in your <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> path. Specific steps for setting up <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt>
paths in Microsoft Visual Studio follow later in this document;
if you use another IDE, please consult your product's
documentation for instructions.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Since all of Boost's header files have the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.hpp</span></tt> extension,
and live in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt> subdirectory of the boost root, your
Boost <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> directives will look like:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &lt;boost/<em>whatever</em>.hpp&gt;
</pre>
<p>or</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &quot;boost/<em>whatever</em>.hpp&quot;
</pre>
<p>depending on your religion as regards the use of angle bracket
includes. Even Windows users can (and, for
portability reasons, probably should) use forward slashes in
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#include</span></tt> directives; your compiler doesn't care.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Don't be distracted by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">doc</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt> subdirectory; it only
contains a subset of the Boost documentation. Start with
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libs</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index.html</span></tt> if you're looking for the whole enchilada.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24" id="header-only-libraries" name="header-only-libraries">3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Header-Only Libraries</a></h1>
<p>The first thing many people want to know is, “how do I build
Boost?” The good news is that often, there's nothing to build.</p>
<div class="admonition-nothing-to-build admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">Nothing to Build?</p>
<p class="last">Most Boost libraries are <strong>header-only</strong>: they consist <em>entirely
of header files</em> containing templates and inline functions, and
require no separately-compiled library binaries or special
treatment when linking.</p>
</div>
<p id="separate">The only Boost libraries that <em>must</em> be built separately are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/filesystem/index.html">Boost.Filesystem</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/iostreams/index.html">Boost.IOStreams</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/program_options/index.html">Boost.ProgramOptions</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/python/doc/building.html">Boost.Python</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/regex/index.html">Boost.Regex</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/serialization/index.html">Boost.Serialization</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/signals/index.html">Boost.Signals</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/thread/index.html">Boost.Thread</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/wave/index.html">Boost.Wave</a></li>
</ul>
<p>A few libraries have optional separately-compiled binaries:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/date_time/index.html">Boost.DateTime</a> has a binary component that is only needed if
you're using its <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">to_string</span></tt>/<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">from_string</span></tt> or serialization
features, or if you're targeting Visual C++ 6.x or Borland.</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/graph/index.html">Boost.Graph</a> also has a binary component that is only needed if
you intend to <a class="reference" href="../../libs/graph/doc/read_graphviz.html">parse GraphViz files</a>.</li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/test/index.html">Boost.Test</a> can be used in “header-only” or “separately compiled”
mode, although <strong>separate compilation is recommended for serious
use</strong>.</li>
</ul>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25" id="build-a-simple-program-using-boost" name="build-a-simple-program-using-boost">4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Build a Simple Program Using Boost</a></h1>
<p>To keep things simple, let's start by using a header-only library.
The following program reads a sequence of integers from standard
input, uses Boost.Lambda to multiply each number by three, and
writes them to standard output:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &lt;boost/lambda/lambda.hpp&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;iterator&gt;
#include &lt;algorithm&gt;
int main()
{
using namespace boost::lambda;
typedef std::istream_iterator&lt;int&gt; in;
std::for_each(
in(std::cin), in(), std::cout &lt;&lt; (_1 * 3) &lt;&lt; &quot; &quot; );
}
</pre>
<p>Copy the text of this program into a file called <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">example.cpp</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title"><a id="command-line-tool" name="command-line-tool"><span id="command-prompt"></span>Note</a></p>
<p class="last">To build the examples in this guide, you can use an
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like Visual Studio, or
you can issue commands from the <a class="reference" href="#command-prompt">command prompt</a>. Since every
IDE and compiler has different options and Microsoft's are by
far the dominant compilers on Windows, we only give specific
directions here for Visual Studio 2005 and .NET 2003 IDEs and
their respective command prompt compilers (using the command
prompt is a bit simpler). If you are using another compiler or
IDE, it should be relatively easy to adapt these instructions to
your environment.</p>
</div>
<div class="small sidebar">
<p class="first sidebar-title">Command Prompt Basics</p>
<p>In Windows, a command-line tool is invoked by typing its name,
optionally followed by arguments, into a <em>Command Prompt</em> window
and pressing the Return (or Enter) key.</p>
<p>To open a generic <em>Command Prompt</em>, click the <em>Start</em> menu
button, click <em>Run</em>, type “cmd”, and then click <em>OK</em>.</p>
<p id="current-directory">All commands are executed within the context of a <strong>current
directory</strong> in the filesystem. To set the current directory,
type:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
cd <em>path</em>\<em>to</em>\<em>some</em>\<em>directory</em>
</pre>
<p>followed by Return. For example,</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
cd <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\Program</span> <span class="pre">Files\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>
</pre>
<p class="last">Long commands can be continued across several lines by typing a
caret (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">^</span></tt>) at the end of all but the last line. Some examples
on this page use that technique to save horizontal space.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26" id="build-from-the-visual-studio-ide" name="build-from-the-visual-studio-ide"><span id="vs-header-only"></span>4.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Build From the Visual Studio IDE</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">From Visual Studio's <em>File</em> menu, select <em>New</em> &gt; <em>Project…</em></p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">In the left-hand pane of the resulting <em>New Project</em> dialog,
select <em>Visual C++</em> &gt; <em>Win32</em>.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">In the right-hand pane, select <em>Win32 Console Application</em>
(VS8.0) or <em>Win32 Console Project</em> (VS7.1).</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">In the <em>name</em> field, enter “example”</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Right-click <strong>example</strong> in the <em>Solution Explorer</em> pane and
select <em>Properties</em> from the resulting pop-up menu</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">In <em>Configuration Properties</em> &gt; <em>C/C++</em> &gt; <em>General</em> &gt; <em>Additional Include
Directories</em>, enter the path to the Boost root directory, for example</p>
<blockquote>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\Program</span> <span class="pre">Files\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p class="first">In <em>Configuration Properties</em> &gt; <em>C/C++</em> &gt; <em>Precompiled Headers</em>, change
<em>Use Precompiled Header (/Yu)</em> to <em>Not Using Precompiled
Headers</em>.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#pch" id="id4" name="id4"><sup>3</sup></a></p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Replace the contents of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">example.cpp</span></tt> generated by the IDE
with the example code above.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">From the <em>Build</em> menu, select <em>Build Solution</em>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>To test your application, hit the F5 key and type the following
into the resulting window, followed by the Return key:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
1 2 3
</pre>
<p>Then hold down the control key and press &quot;Z&quot;, followed by the
Return key.</p>
<p><a class="reference" href="#errors-and-warnings"><em>skip to the next step</em></a></p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id27" id="or-build-from-the-command-prompt" name="or-build-from-the-command-prompt">4.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, Build From the Command Prompt</a></h2>
<p>From your computer's <em>Start</em> menu, if you are a Visual
Studio 2005 user, select</p>
<blockquote>
<em>All Programs</em> &gt; <em>Microsoft Visual Studio 2005</em>
&gt; <em>Visual Studio Tools</em> &gt; <em>Visual Studio 2005 Command Prompt</em></blockquote>
<p>or, if you're a Visual Studio .NET 2003 user, select</p>
<blockquote>
<em>All Programs</em> &gt; <em>Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003</em>
&gt; <em>Visual Studio .NET Tools</em> &gt; <em>Visual Studio .NET 2003 Command Prompt</em></blockquote>
<p>to bring up a special <a class="reference" href="#command-prompt">command prompt</a> window set up for the
Visual Studio compiler. In that window, set the <a class="reference" href="#current-directory">current
directory</a> to a suitable location for creating some temporary
files and type the following command followed by the Return key:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
cl /EHsc /I <em>path\to\</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> <em>path</em>\<em>to</em>\example.cpp
</pre>
<p>To test the result, type:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
echo 1 2 3 | example
</pre>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id28" id="errors-and-warnings" name="errors-and-warnings">4.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Errors and Warnings</a></h2>
<p>Don't be alarmed if you see compiler warnings originating in Boost
headers. We try to eliminate them, but doing so isn't always
practical.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#warnings" id="id6" name="id6"><sup>5</sup></a> <strong>Errors are another matter</strong>. If you're
seeing compilation errors at this point in the tutorial, check to
be sure you've copied the <a class="reference" href="#build-a-simple-program-using-boost">example program</a> correctly and that you've
correctly identified the <a class="reference" href="#boost-root-directory">Boost root directory</a>.</p>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id29" id="prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary" name="prepare-to-use-a-boost-library-binary">5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Prepare to Use a Boost Library Binary</a></h1>
<p>If you want to use any of the separately-compiled Boost libraries,
you'll need to acquire library binaries.</p>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id30" id="install-visual-studio-2005-or-net-2003-binaries" name="install-visual-studio-2005-or-net-2003-binaries">5.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Install Visual Studio (2005 or .NET 2003) Binaries</a></h2>
<p>The <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost-consulting.com/download/windows">installer</a> supplied by Boost Consulting will download and
install pre-compiled binaries into the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib\</span></tt> subdirectory of the
boost root, typically <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\Program</span> <span class="pre">Files\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\lib\</span></tt>. If you installed
all variants of the <a class="reference" href="../../libs/regex/index.html">Boost.Regex</a> binary, you're done with this
step. Otherwise, please run the installer again and install them
now.</p>
<p><a class="reference" href="#link-your-program-to-a-boost-library"><em>skip to the next step</em></a></p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id31" id="or-build-and-install-binaries-from-source" name="or-build-and-install-binaries-from-source">5.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, Build and Install Binaries From Source</a></h2>
<p>If you're using an earlier version of Visual C++, or a compiler
from another vendor, you'll need to use <a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> to create your
own binaries.</p>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<p><a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> is a text-based system for developing, testing, and
installing software. To use it, you'll need an executable called
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="section">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id32" id="get-bjam" name="get-bjam">5.2.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Get <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></h3>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> is the <a class="reference" href="#command-line-tool">command-line tool</a> that drives the Boost Build
system. To build Boost binaries, you'll invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> from the
Boost root.</p>
<p>Boost provides <a class="reference" href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&amp;package_id=72941">pre-compiled <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> executables</a> for a variety of platforms.
Alternatively, you can build <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> yourself using <a class="reference" href="../../doc/html/jam/building.html">these
instructions</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id33" id="identify-your-toolset" name="identify-your-toolset"><span id="toolset-name"></span><span id="toolset"></span>5.2.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Identify Your Toolset</a></h3>
<p>First, find the toolset corresponding to your compiler in the
following table.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils table">
<colgroup>
<col width="18%" />
<col width="33%" />
<col width="48%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Toolset
Name</th>
<th class="head">Vendor</th>
<th class="head">Notes</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">acc</span></tt></td>
<td>Hewlett Packard</td>
<td>Only very recent versions are
known to work well with Boost</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">borland</span></tt></td>
<td>Borland</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">como</span></tt></td>
<td>Comeau Computing</td>
<td>Using this toolset may
require <a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">configuring</a> another
toolset to act as its backend</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cw</span></tt></td>
<td>Metrowerks/FreeScale</td>
<td>The CodeWarrior compiler. We
have not tested versions of
this compiler produced since
it was sold to FreeScale.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dmc</span></tt></td>
<td>Digital Mars</td>
<td>As of this Boost release, no
version of dmc is known to
handle Boost well.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">darwin</span></tt></td>
<td>Apple Computer</td>
<td>Apple's version of the GCC
toolchain with support for
Darwin and MacOS X features
such as frameworks.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc</span></tt></td>
<td>The Gnu Project</td>
<td>Includes support for Cygwin
and MinGW compilers.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hp_cxx</span></tt></td>
<td>Hewlett Packard</td>
<td>Targeted at the Tru64
operating system.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">intel</span></tt></td>
<td>Intel</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">kylix</span></tt></td>
<td>Borland</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">msvc</span></tt></td>
<td>Microsoft</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">qcc</span></tt></td>
<td>QNX Software Systems</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sun</span></tt></td>
<td>Sun</td>
<td>Only very recent versions are
known to work well with
Boost.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">vacpp</span></tt></td>
<td>IBM</td>
<td>The VisualAge C++ compiler.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>If you have multiple versions of a particular compiler installed,
you can append the version number to the toolset name, preceded by a
hyphen, e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">msvc-7.1</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc-3.4</span></tt>.</p>
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">if you built <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> yourself, you may
have selected a toolset name for that purpose, but that does not
affect this step in any way; you still need to select a Boost.Build
toolset from the table.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id34" id="select-a-build-directory" name="select-a-build-directory"><span id="id11"></span><span id="build-directory"></span>5.2.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Select a Build Directory</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build</a> will place all intermediate files it generates while
building into the <strong>build directory</strong>. If your Boost root
directory is writable, this step isn't strictly necessary: by
default Boost.Build will create a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bin.v2/</span></tt> subdirectory for that
purpose in your current working directory.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id35" id="invoke-bjam" name="invoke-bjam">5.2.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt></a></h3>
<p>Change your current directory to the Boost root directory and
invoke <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> as follows:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
bjam <strong>--build-dir=</strong><a class="reference" href="#id11"><em>build-directory</em></a> <strong>--toolset=</strong><a class="reference" href="#toolset-name"><em>toolset-name</em></a> stage
</pre>
<p>For example, your session might look like this:<a class="footnote-reference" href="#continuation" id="id12" name="id12"><sup>4</sup></a></p>
<pre class="literal-block">
C:WINDOWS&gt; cd <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\Program</span> <span class="pre">Files\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\Program</span> <span class="pre">Files\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt>&gt; bjam <strong>^</strong>
More? <strong>--build-dir=</strong>%TEMP%\build-boost <strong>^</strong>
More? <strong>--toolset=</strong>msvc stage
</pre>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<p>Boost.Build will place the Boost binaries in the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stage</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\</span></tt>
subdirectory of your <a class="reference" href="#build-directory">build directory</a>.</p>
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt> is case-sensitive; it is important that all the
parts shown in <strong>bold</strong> type above be entirely lower-case.</p>
</div>
<p>For a description of other options you can pass when invoking
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bjam</span></tt>, type:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
bjam --help
</pre>
<p>In particular, to limit the amount of time spent building, you may
be interested in:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>reviewing the list of library names with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--show-libraries</span></tt></li>
<li>limiting which libraries get built with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--with-</span></tt><em>library-name</em> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--without-</span></tt><em>library-name</em> options</li>
<li>choosing a specific build variant by adding <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">release</span></tt> or
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">debug</span></tt> to the command line.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id36" id="expected-build-output" name="expected-build-output">5.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expected Build Output</a></h2>
<p>During the process of building Boost libraries, you can expect to
see some messages printed on the console. These may include</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">Notices about Boost library configuration—for example, the Regex
library outputs a message about ICU when built without Unicode
support, and the Python library may be skipped without error (but
with a notice) if you don't have Python installed.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Messages from the build tool that report the number of targets
that were built or skipped. Don't be surprised if those numbers
don't make any sense to you; there are many targets per library.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Build action messages describing what the tool is doing, which
look something like:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<em>toolset-name</em>.c++ <em>long</em>/<em>path</em>/<em>to</em>/<em>file</em>/<em>being</em>/<em>built</em>
</pre>
</li>
<li><p class="first">Compiler warnings.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id37" id="in-case-of-build-errors" name="in-case-of-build-errors">5.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In Case of Build Errors</a></h2>
<p>The only error messages you see when building Boost—if any—should
be related to the IOStreams library's support of zip and bzip2
formats as described <a class="reference" href="../../libs/iostreams/doc/installation.html">here</a>. Install the relevant development
packages for libz and libbz2 if you need those features. Other
errors when building Boost libraries are cause for concern.</p>
<p>If it seems like the build system can't find your compiler and/or
linker, consider setting up a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file as described
in the <a class="reference" href="../../tools/build/index.html">Boost.Build documentation</a>. If that isn't your problem or
the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user-config.jam</span></tt> file doesn't work for you, please address
questions about configuring Boost for your compiler to the
<a class="reference" href="../../more/mailing_lists.htm#jamboost">Boost.Build mailing list</a>.</p>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id38" id="link-your-program-to-a-boost-library" name="link-your-program-to-a-boost-library">6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Link Your Program to a Boost Library</a></h1>
<p>To demonstrate linking with a Boost binary library, we'll use the
following simple program that extracts the subject lines from
emails. It uses the <a class="reference" href="../../libs/regex/index.html">Boost.Regex</a> library, which has a
separately-compiled binary component.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &lt;boost/regex.hpp&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
int main()
{
std::string line;
boost::regex pat( &quot;^Subject: (Re: |Aw: )*(.*)&quot; );
while (std::cin)
{
std::getline(std::cin, line);
boost::smatch matches;
if (boost::regex_match(line, matches, pat))
std::cout &lt;&lt; matches[2] &lt;&lt; std::endl;
}
}
</pre>
<p>There are two main challenges associated with linking:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Tool configuration, e.g. choosing command-line options or IDE
build settings.</li>
<li>Identifying the library binary, among all the build variants,
whose compile configuration is compatible with the rest of your
project.</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition-auto-linking admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">Auto-Linking</p>
<p class="last">Most Windows compilers and linkers have so-called “auto-linking
support,” which eliminates the second challenge. Special code in
Boost header files detects your compiler options and uses that
information to encode the name of the correct library into your
object files; the linker selects the library with that name from
the directories you've told it to search.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id39" id="link-from-within-the-visual-studio-ide" name="link-from-within-the-visual-studio-ide">6.1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Link From Within the Visual Studio IDE</a></h2>
<p>Starting with the <a class="reference" href="#vs-header-only">header-only example project</a> we created
earlier:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>Right-click <strong>example</strong> in the <em>Solution Explorer</em> pane and
select <em>Properties</em> from the resulting pop-up menu</li>
<li>In <em>Configuration Properties</em> &gt; <em>Linker</em> &gt; <em>Additional Library
Directories</em>, enter the path to the Boost binaries,
e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\Program</span> <span class="pre">Files\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\lib\</span></tt>.</li>
<li>From the <em>Build</em> menu, select <em>Build Solution</em>.</li>
</ol>
<p><a class="reference" href="#test-your-program"><em>skip to the next step</em></a></p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id40" id="or-link-from-the-command-prompt" name="or-link-from-the-command-prompt">6.2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Or, Link From the Command Prompt</a></h2>
<p>For example, we can compile and link the above program from the
Visual C++ command-line by simply adding the <strong>bold</strong> text below to
the command line we used earlier, assuming your Boost binaries are
in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">C:\Program</span> <span class="pre">Files\boost\</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">\lib</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
cl /EHsc /I <em>path\to\</em><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt> example.cpp <strong>^</strong>
<strong>/link /LIBPATH:</strong> <strong>C:\Program Files\boost\</strong><strong>boost_1_34_0</strong><strong>\lib</strong>
</pre>
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>If—like Visual C++—your compiler supports auto-linking,
you can probably ignore the next section.</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference" href="#test-your-program"><em>skip to the next step</em></a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id41" id="library-naming" name="library-naming">6.3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Library Naming</a></h2>
<div class="note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>If, like Visual C++, your compiler supports auto-linking,
you can probably <a class="reference" href="#test-your-program"><em>skip to the next step</em></a>.</p>
<blockquote class="last">
</blockquote>
</div>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<p>In order to choose the right binary for your build configuration
you need to know how Boost binaries are named. Each library
filename is composed of a common sequence of elements that describe
how it was built. For example,
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libboost_regex-vc71-mt-d-1_34.lib</span></tt> can be broken down into the
following elements:</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Prefix</em>: except on Microsoft Windows, every Boost library
name begins with this string. On Windows, only ordinary static
libraries use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib</span></tt> prefix; import libraries and DLLs do
not.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#distinct" id="id18" name="id18"><sup>6</sup></a></dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_regex</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Library name</em>: all boost library filenames begin with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_</span></tt>.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-vc71</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Toolset tag</em>: identifies the toolset and version used to build
the binary.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-mt</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Threading tag</em>: indicates that the library was
built with multithreading support enabled. Libraries built
without multithreading support can be identified by the absence
of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-mt</span></tt>.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-d</span></tt></dt>
<dd><p class="first"><em>ABI tag</em>: encodes details that affect the library's
interoperability with other compiled code. For each such
feature, a single letter is added to the tag:</p>
<blockquote>
<table border="1" class="docutils table">
<colgroup>
<col width="6%" />
<col width="94%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Key</th>
<th class="head">Use this library when:</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">s</span></tt></td>
<td>linking statically to the C++ standard library and compiler runtime support
libraries.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">g</span></tt></td>
<td>using debug versions of the standard and runtime support libraries.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">y</span></tt></td>
<td>using a special <a class="reference" href="../../libs/python/doc/building.html#variants">debug build of Python</a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">d</span></tt></td>
<td>building a debug version of your code.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#debug-abi" id="id19" name="id19"><sup>7</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">p</span></tt></td>
<td>using the STLPort standard library rather than the default one supplied with
your compiler.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt></td>
<td>using STLPort's deprecated “native iostreams” feature.<a class="footnote-reference" href="#native" id="id20" name="id20"><sup>8</sup></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</blockquote>
<p class="last">For example, if you build a debug version of your code for use
with debug versions of the static runtime library and the
STLPort standard library in “native iostreams” mode,
the tag would be: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-sgdpn</span></tt>. If none of the above apply, the
ABI tag is ommitted.</p>
</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1_34</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Version tag</em>: the full Boost release number, with periods
replaced by underscores. For example, version 1.31.1 would be
tagged as &quot;-1_31_1&quot;.</dd>
<dt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.lib</span></tt></dt>
<dd><em>Extension</em>: determined according to the operating system's usual
convention. On most *nix platforms the extensions are <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.a</span></tt>
and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.so</span></tt> for static libraries (archives) and shared libraries,
respectively. On Windows, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.dll</span></tt> indicates a shared library
and—except for static libraries built by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gcc</span></tt> toolset, whose
names always end in <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.a``—</span> <span class="pre">``.lib</span></tt> indicates a static or import
library. Where supported by *nix toolsets, a full version
extension is added (e.g. &quot;.so.1.34&quot;) and a symbolic link to the
library file, named without the trailing version number, will
also be created.</dd>
</dl>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id42" id="test-your-program" name="test-your-program">6.4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Test Your Program</a></h2>
<p>To test our subject extraction, we'll filter the following text
file. Copy it out of your browser and save it as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">jayne.txt</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
To: George Shmidlap
From: Rita Marlowe
Subject: Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?
---
See subject.
</pre>
<p>Now, in a <a class="reference" href="#command-prompt">command prompt</a> window, type:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
<em>path</em>\<em>to</em>\<em>compiled</em>\example &lt; <em>path</em>\<em>to</em>\jayne.txt
</pre>
<p>The program should respond with the email subject, “Will Success
Spoil Rock Hunter?”</p>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id43" id="conclusion-and-further-resources" name="conclusion-and-further-resources">7&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Conclusion and Further Resources</a></h1>
<p>This concludes your introduction to Boost and to integrating it
with your programs. As you start using Boost in earnest, there are
surely a few additional points you'll wish we had covered. One day
we may have a “Book 2 in the Getting Started series” that addresses
them. Until then, we suggest you pursue the following resources.
If you can't find what you need, or there's anything we can do to
make this document clearer, please post it to the <a class="reference" href="../../more/mailing_lists.htm#users">Boost Users'
mailing list</a>.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference" href="../tools/build/v2">Boost.Build reference manual</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../tools/jam/index.html">Boost.Jam reference manual</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../more/mailing_lists.htm#users">Boost Users' mailing list</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../more/mailing_lists.htm#jamboost">Boost.Build mailing list</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="http://www.crystalclearsoftware.com/cgi-bin/boost_wiki/wiki.pl?Boost.Build_V2">Boost.Build Wiki</a></li>
<li><a class="reference" href="../../libs/index.html">Index of all Boost library documentation</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition-onward admonition">
<p class="first admonition-title">Onward</p>
<blockquote class="epigraph last">
<p>Good luck, and have fun!</p>
<p class="attribution">&mdash;the Boost Developers</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<hr class="docutils" />
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="zip" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id2" name="zip">[1]</a></td><td>If you prefer not to download executable programs,
download <a class="reference" href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7586&amp;package_id=8041&amp;release_id=376197"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">boost_1_34_0</span></tt><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">.zip</span></tt></a> and use an external tool to decompress
it. We don't recommend using Windows' built-in decompression as
it can be painfully slow for large archives.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="installer-src" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a name="installer-src">[2]</a></td><td>If you used the <a class="reference" href="http://www.boost-consulting.com/download/windows">installer</a> from Boost
Consulting and deselected “Source and Documentation” (it's
selected by default), you won't see the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">libs/</span></tt> subdirectory.
That won't affect your ability to use precompiled binaries, but
you won't be able to rebuild libraries from scratch.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="pch" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id4" name="pch">[3]</a></td><td>There's no problem using Boost with precompiled headers;
these instructions merely avoid precompiled headers because it
would require Visual Studio-specific changes to the source code
used in the examples.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="continuation" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id12" name="continuation">[4]</a></td><td>In this example, the caret character <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">^</span></tt> is a
way of continuing the command on multiple lines. The command
prompt responds with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">More?</span></tt> to prompt for more input. Feel
free to omit the carets and subsequent newlines; we used them so
the example would fit on a page of reasonable width.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="warnings" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id6" name="warnings">[5]</a></td><td>Remember that warnings are specific to each compiler
implementation. The developer of a given Boost library might
not have access to your compiler. Also, some warnings are
extremely difficult to eliminate in generic code, to the point
where it's not worth the trouble. Finally, some compilers don't
have any source code mechanism for suppressing warnings.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="distinct" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id18" name="distinct">[6]</a></td><td>This convention distinguishes the static version of
a Boost library from the import library for an
identically-configured Boost DLL, which would otherwise have the
same name.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="debug-abi" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id19" name="debug-abi">[7]</a></td><td>These libraries were compiled without optimization
or inlining, with full debug symbols enabled, and without
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">NDEBUG</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#define</span></tt>d. All though it's true that sometimes
these choices don't affect binary compatibility with other
compiled code, you can't count on that with Boost libraries.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="native" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id20" name="native">[8]</a></td><td>This feature of STLPort is deprecated because it's
impossible to make it work transparently to the user; we don't
recommend it.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<!-- This file contains all the definitions that need to be updated -->
<!-- for each new release of Boost. -->
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost -->
<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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.. Copyright David Abrahams 2006. Distributed under the Boost
.. Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
.. file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
=======================================
|(logo)|__ Getting Started on Windows
=======================================
.. |(logo)| image:: ../../boost.png
:alt: Boost
:class: boost-logo
__ ../../index.htm
.. section-numbering::
.. Admonition:: A note to Cygwin_ and MinGW_ users
If you plan to use your tools from the Windows command prompt,
you're in the right place. If you plan to build from the Cygwin_
bash shell, you're actually running on a POSIX platform and
should follow the instructions for `getting started on Unix
variants`_. Other command shells, such as MinGW_\ 's MSYS, are
not supported—they may or may not work.
.. _`Getting Started on Unix Variants`: unix-variants.html
.. _Cygwin: http://www.cygwin.com
.. _MinGW: http://mingw.org
.. Contents:: Index
Get Boost
=========
The easiest way to get a copy of Boost is to use the `installer`_
provided by `Boost Consulting`_. We especially recommend this
method if you use Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003 or Microsoft
Visual Studio 2005, because the installer can download and install
precompiled library binaries, saving you the trouble of building
them yourself. To complete this tutorial, you'll need to at least
install the Boost.Regex_ binaries when given the option.
.. _installer: http://www.boost-consulting.com/download/windows
.. _Boost Consulting: http://www.boost-consulting.com
If you're using an earlier version of Visual Studio or some other
compiler, or if you prefer to build everything yourself, you can
download |boost.exe|_ and run it to install a complete Boost
distribution. [#zip]_
.. |boost.exe| replace:: |boost_ver|\ ``.exe``
.. _`boost.exe`: `sf-download`_
.. include:: detail/distro.rst
.. include:: detail/header-only.rst
.. include:: detail/build-simple-head.rst
.. _`command prompt`:
.. _`command-line tool`:
.. Note:: To build the examples in this guide, you can use an
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like Visual Studio, or
you can issue commands from the `command prompt`_. Since every
IDE and compiler has different options and Microsoft's are by
far the dominant compilers on Windows, we only give specific
directions here for Visual Studio 2005 and .NET 2003 IDEs and
their respective command prompt compilers (using the command
prompt is a bit simpler). If you are using another compiler or
IDE, it should be relatively easy to adapt these instructions to
your environment.
.. sidebar:: Command Prompt Basics
:class: small
In Windows, a command-line tool is invoked by typing its name,
optionally followed by arguments, into a *Command Prompt* window
and pressing the Return (or Enter) key.
To open a generic *Command Prompt*, click the *Start* menu
button, click *Run*, type “cmd”, and then click *OK*.
.. _current directory:
All commands are executed within the context of a **current
directory** in the filesystem. To set the current directory,
type:
.. parsed-literal::
cd *path*\ \\\ *to*\ \\\ *some*\ \\\ *directory*
followed by Return. For example,
.. parsed-literal::
cd |default-root|
Long commands can be continued across several lines by typing a
caret (``^``) at the end of all but the last line. Some examples
on this page use that technique to save horizontal space.
.. _vs-header-only:
Build From the Visual Studio IDE
--------------------------------
* From Visual Studio's *File* menu, select *New* > *Project…*
* In the left-hand pane of the resulting *New Project* dialog,
select *Visual C++* > *Win32*.
* In the right-hand pane, select *Win32 Console Application*
(VS8.0) or *Win32 Console Project* (VS7.1).
* In the *name* field, enter “example”
* Right-click **example** in the *Solution Explorer* pane and
select *Properties* from the resulting pop-up menu
* In *Configuration Properties* > *C/C++* > *General* > *Additional Include
Directories*, enter the path to the Boost root directory, for example
|default-root|
* In *Configuration Properties* > *C/C++* > *Precompiled Headers*, change
*Use Precompiled Header (/Yu)* to *Not Using Precompiled
Headers*. [#pch]_
* Replace the contents of the ``example.cpp`` generated by the IDE
with the example code above.
* From the *Build* menu, select *Build Solution*.
To test your application, hit the F5 key and type the following
into the resulting window, followed by the Return key::
1 2 3
Then hold down the control key and press "Z", followed by the
Return key.
|next|__
__ `Errors and Warnings`_
Or, Build From the Command Prompt
---------------------------------
From your computer's *Start* menu, if you are a Visual
Studio 2005 user, select
*All Programs* > *Microsoft Visual Studio 2005*
> *Visual Studio Tools* > *Visual Studio 2005 Command Prompt*
or, if you're a Visual Studio .NET 2003 user, select
*All Programs* > *Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003*
> *Visual Studio .NET Tools* > *Visual Studio .NET 2003 Command Prompt*
to bring up a special `command prompt`_ window set up for the
Visual Studio compiler. In that window, set the `current
directory`_ to a suitable location for creating some temporary
files and type the following command followed by the Return key:
.. parsed-literal::
cl /EHsc /I |root| *path*\ \\\ *to*\ \\example.cpp
To test the result, type:
.. parsed-literal::
echo 1 2 3 | example
.. include:: detail/errors-and-warnings.rst
.. include:: detail/binary-head.rst
Install Visual Studio (2005 or .NET 2003) Binaries
--------------------------------------------------
The installer_ supplied by Boost Consulting will download and
install pre-compiled binaries into the ``lib\`` subdirectory of the
boost root, typically |default-root|\ ``\lib\``. If you installed
all variants of the Boost.Regex_ binary, you're done with this
step. Otherwise, please run the installer again and install them
now.
|next|__
__ `Link Your Program to a Boost Library`_
Or, Build and Install Binaries From Source
------------------------------------------
If you're using an earlier version of Visual C++, or a compiler
from another vendor, you'll need to use Boost.Build_ to create your
own binaries.
.. include:: detail/build-from-source-head.rst
For example, your session might look like this: [#continuation]_
.. parsed-literal::
C:\WINDOWS> cd |default-root|
|default-root|> bjam **^**
More? **--build-dir=**\ %TEMP%\\build-boost **^**
More? **--toolset=**\ msvc stage
.. include:: detail/build-from-source-tail.rst
.. include:: detail/link-head.rst
.. Admonition:: Auto-Linking
Most Windows compilers and linkers have so-called “auto-linking
support,” which eliminates the second challenge. Special code in
Boost header files detects your compiler options and uses that
information to encode the name of the correct library into your
object files; the linker selects the library with that name from
the directories you've told it to search.
Link From Within the Visual Studio IDE
--------------------------------------
Starting with the `header-only example project`__ we created
earlier:
__ vs-header-only_
1. Right-click **example** in the *Solution Explorer* pane and
select *Properties* from the resulting pop-up menu
2. In *Configuration Properties* > *Linker* > *Additional Library
Directories*, enter the path to the Boost binaries,
e.g. |default-root|\ ``\lib\``.
3. From the *Build* menu, select *Build Solution*.
|next|__
__ `Test Your Program`_
Or, Link From the Command Prompt
--------------------------------
For example, we can compile and link the above program from the
Visual C++ command-line by simply adding the **bold** text below to
the command line we used earlier, assuming your Boost binaries are
in |default-root|\ ``\lib``:
.. parsed-literal::
cl /EHsc /I |root| example.cpp **^**
**/link /LIBPATH:** |default-root-bold|\ **\\lib**
.. Note:: If—like Visual C++—your compiler supports auto-linking,
you can probably ignore the next section.
|next|__
__ `Test Your Program`_
Library Naming
--------------
.. Note:: If, like Visual C++, your compiler supports auto-linking,
you can probably |next|__.
__ `Test Your Program`_
.. include:: detail/library-naming.rst
.. include:: detail/test-head.rst
Now, in a `command prompt`_ window, type:
.. parsed-literal::
*path*\ \\\ *to*\ \\\ *compiled*\ \\example < *path*\ \\\ *to*\ \\\ jayne.txt
The program should respond with the email subject, “Will Success
Spoil Rock Hunter?”
.. include:: detail/conclusion.rst
------------------------------
.. [#zip] If you prefer not to download executable programs,
download |boost.zip|_ and use an external tool to decompress
it. We don't recommend using Windows' built-in decompression as
it can be painfully slow for large archives.
.. [#installer-src] If you used the installer_ from Boost
Consulting and deselected “Source and Documentation” (it's
selected by default), you won't see the ``libs/`` subdirectory.
That won't affect your ability to use precompiled binaries, but
you won't be able to rebuild libraries from scratch.
.. [#pch] There's no problem using Boost with precompiled headers;
these instructions merely avoid precompiled headers because it
would require Visual Studio-specific changes to the source code
used in the examples.
.. [#continuation] In this example, the caret character ``^`` is a
way of continuing the command on multiple lines. The command
prompt responds with ``More?`` to prompt for more input. Feel
free to omit the carets and subsequent newlines; we used them so
the example would fit on a page of reasonable width.
.. |boost.zip| replace:: |boost_ver|\ ``.zip``
.. _`boost.zip`: `sf-download`_
.. include:: detail/common-footnotes.rst
.. include:: detail/release-variables.rst
.. include:: detail/common-windows.rst
.. include:: detail/links.rst