Merge pull request #4131 from harfbuzz/wasm

[wasm] WebAssembly shaper
2025-04-05 05:25:05 +00:00 · 2023-05-17 16:00:33 +02:00 · 2023-05-17 16:00:33 +02:00 · ccfd7ef08c
commit ccfd7ef08c
parent c248fd9133 6ed792ef4b
37 changed files with 3374 additions and 24 deletions
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@ -417,6 +417,28 @@ AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_CORETEXT, $have_coretext)

 dnl ===========================================================================

+AC_ARG_WITH(wasm,
+	[AS_HELP_STRING([--with-wasm=@<:@yes/no/auto@:>@],
+			[Use the wasm-micro-runtime library @<:@default=no@:>@])],,
+	[with_wasm=no])
+have_wasm=false
+if test "x$with_wasm" = "xyes" -o "x$with_wasm" = "xauto"; then
+	AC_CHECK_HEADERS(wasm_export.h, have_wasm=true)
+fi
+if test "x$with_wasm" = "xyes" -a "x$have_wasm" != "xtrue"; then
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([wasm support requested but not found])
+fi
+if $have_wasm; then
+	WASM_CFLAGS=
+	WASM_LIBS="-liwasm"
+	AC_SUBST(WASM_CFLAGS)
+	AC_SUBST(WASM_LIBS)
+	AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WASM, 1, [Have wasm-micro-runtime library])
+fi
+AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_WASM, $have_wasm)
+
+dnl ===========================================================================
+
 AC_CONFIG_FILES([
 Makefile
 src/Makefile
@ -478,6 +500,7 @@ Platform shapers (not normally needed):
 	DirectWrite:		${have_directwrite}
 	GDI:			${have_gdi}
 	Uniscribe:		${have_uniscribe}
+	WebAssembly:		${have_wasm}

 Other features:
 	Documentation:		${enable_gtk_doc}
--- a/docs/harfbuzz-sections.txt
+++ b/docs/harfbuzz-sections.txt
@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ HB_HAS_GOBJECT
 HB_HAS_GRAPHITE
 HB_HAS_ICU
 HB_HAS_UNISCRIBE
+HB_HAS_WASM
 </SECTION>

 <SECTION>
--- a/docs/meson.build
+++ b/docs/meson.build
@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ ignore_headers = [
  'hb-gobject-enums.h',
  'hb-gobject-enums-tmp.h',
  'hb-gobject-structs.h',
+  'hb-wasm-api.h',
 ]

 gnome.gtkdoc('harfbuzz',
--- a/docs/wasm-shaper.md
+++ b/docs/wasm-shaper.md
@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+# The web assembly shaper
+
+If the standard OpenType shaping engine doesn't give you enough flexibility, Harfbuzz allows you to write your own shaping engine in WebAssembly and embed it into your font! Any font which contains a `Wasm` table will be passed to the WebAssembly shaper.
+
+## What you can and can't do: the WASM shaper's role in shaping
+
+The Harfbuzz shaping engine, unlike its counterparts CoreText and DirectWrite, is only responsible for a small part of the text rendering process. Specifically, Harfbuzz is purely responsible for *shaping*; although Harfbuzz does have APIs for accessing glyph outlines, typically other libraries in the free software text rendering stack are responsible for text segmentation into runs, outline scaling and rasterizing, setting text on lines, and so on.
+
+Harfbuzz is therefore restricted to turning a buffer of codepoints for a segmented run of the same script, language, font, and variation settings, into glyphs and positioning them. This is also all that you can do with the WASM shaper; you can influence the process of mapping a string of characters into an array of glyphs, you can determine how those glyphs are positioned and their advance widths, but you cannot manipulate outlines, variations, line breaks, or affect text layout between texts of different font, variation, language, script or OpenType feature selection.
+
+## The WASM shaper interface
+
+The WASM code inside a font is expected to export a function called `shape` which takes five int32 arguments and returns an int32 status value. (Zero for failure, any other value for success.) Three of the five arguments are tokens which can be passed to the API functions exported to your WASM code by the host shaping engine:
+
+* A *shape plan* token, which can largely be ignored.
+* A *font* token.
+* A *buffer* token.
+* A *feature* array.
+* The number of features.
+
+The general goal of WASM shaping involves receiving and manipulating a *buffer contents* structure, which is an array of *infos* and *positions* (as defined below). Initially this buffer will represent an input string in Unicode codepoints. By the end of your `shape` function, it should represent a set of glyph IDs and their positions. (User-supplied WASM code will manipulate the buffer through *buffer tokens*; the `buffer_copy_contents` and `buffer_set_contents` API functions, defined below, use these tokens to exchange buffer information with the host shaping engine.)
+
+* The `buffer_contents_t` structure
+
+| type | field | description|
+| - | - | - |
+| uint32 | length | Number of items (characters or glyphs) in the buffer
+| glyph_info_t | infos | An array of `length` glyph infos |
+| glyph_position_t | positions | An array of `length` glyph positions |
+
+* The `glyph_info_t` structure
+
+| type | field | description|
+| - | - | - |
+| uint32 | codepoint | (On input) A Unicode codepoint. (On output) A glyph ID. |
+| uint32 | mask | Unused in WASM; can be user-defined |
+| uint32 | cluster | Index of start of this graphical cluster in input string |
+| uint32 | var1 | Reserved |
+| uint32 | var2 | Reserved |
+
+The `cluster` field is used to glyphs in the output glyph stream back to characters in the input Unicode sequence for hit testing, cursor positioning, etc. It must be set to a monotonically increasing value across the buffer.
+
+* The `glyph_position_t` structure
+
+| type | field | description|
+| - | - | - |
+| int32 | x_advance | X advance of the glyph |
+| int32 | y_advance | Y advance of the glyph |
+| int32 | x_offset | X offset of the glyph |
+| int32 | y_offset | Y offset of the glyph |
+| uint32 | var | Reserved |
+
+* The `feature_t` array
+
+To communicated user-selected OpenType features to the user-defined WASM shaper, the host shaping engine passes an array of feature structures:
+
+| type | field | description|
+| - | - | - |
+| uint32 | tag | Byte-encoded feature tag |
+| uint32 | value | Value: 0=off, 1=on, other values used for alternate selection |
+| uint32 | start | Index into the input string representing start of the active region for this feature selection (0=start of string) |
+| uint32 | end | Index into the input string representing end of the active region for this feature selection (-1=end of string) |
+
+## API functions available
+
+To assist the shaping code in mapping codepoints to glyphs, the WASM shaper exports the following functions. Note that these are the low level API functions; WASM authors may prefer to use higher-level abstractions around these functions, such as the `harfbuzz-wasm` Rust crate provided by Harfbuzz.
+
+### Sub-shaping
+
+* `shape_with`
+
+```C
+bool shape_with(
+    uint32 font_token,
+    uint32 buffer_token,
+    feature_t* features,
+    uint32 num_features,
+    char* shaper
+)
+```
+
+Run another shaping engine's shaping process on the given font and buffer. The only shaping engine guaranteed to be available is `ot`, the OpenType shaper, but others may also be available. This allows the WASM author to process a buffer "normally", before further manipulating it.
+
+### Buffer access
+
+* `buffer_copy_contents`
+
+```C
+bool buffer_copy_contents(
+    uint32 buffer_token,
+    buffer_contents_t* buffer_contents
+)
+```
+
+Retrieves the contents of the host shaping engine's buffer into the `buffer_contents` structure. This should typically be called at the beginning of shaping.
+
+* `buffer_set_contents`
+
+```C
+bool buffer_set_contents(
+    uint32 buffer_token,
+    buffer_contents_t* buffer_contents
+)
+```
+
+Copy the `buffer_contents` structure back into the host shaping engine's buffer. This should typically be called at the end of shaping.
+
+* `buffer_contents_free`
+
+```C
+bool buffer_contents_free(buffer_contents_t* buffer_contents)
+```
+
+Releases the memory taken up by the buffer contents structure.
+
+* `buffer_contents_realloc`
+
+```C
+bool buffer_contents_realloc(
+    buffer_contents_t* buffer_contents,
+    uint32 size
+)
+```
+
+Requests that the buffer contents structure be resized to the given size.
+
+* `buffer_get_direction`
+
+```C
+uint32 buffer_get_direction(uint32 buffer_token)
+```
+
+Returns the buffer's direction:
+
+* 0 = invalid
+* 4 = left to right
+* 5 = right to left
+* 6 = top to bottom
+* 7 = bottom to top
+
+* `buffer_get_script`
+
+```C
+uint32 buffer_get_script(uint32 buffer_token)
+```
+
+Returns the byte-encoded OpenType script tag of the buffer.
+
+* `buffer_reverse`
+
+```C
+void buffer_reverse(uint32 buffer_token)
+```
+
+Reverses the order of items in the buffer.
+
+* `buffer_reverse_clusters`
+
+```C
+void buffer_reverse_clusters(uint32 buffer_token)
+```
+
+Reverses the order of items in the buffer while keeping items of the same cluster together.
+
+## Font handling functions
+
+(In the following functions, a *font* is a specific instantiation of a *face* at a particular scale factor and variation position.)
+
+* `font_create`
+
+```C
+uint32 font_create(uint32 face_token)
+```
+
+Returns a new *font token* from the given *face token*.
+
+* `font_get_face`
+
+```C
+uint32 font_get_face(uint32 font_token)
+```
+
+Creates a new *face token* from the given *font token*.
+
+* `font_get_scale`
+
+```C
+void font_get_scale(
+    uint32 font_token,
+    int32* x_scale,
+    int32* y_scale
+)
+```
+
+Returns the scale of the current font.
+
+* `font_get_glyph`
+
+```C
+uint32 font_get_glyph(
+    uint32 font_token,
+    uint32 codepoint,
+    uint32 variation_selector
+)
+```
+
+Returns the nominal glyph ID for the given codepoint, using the `cmap` table of the font to map Unicode codepoint (and variation selector) to glyph ID.
+
+* `font_get_glyph_h_advance`/`font_get_glyph_v_advance`
+
+```C
+uint32 font_get_glyph_h_advance(uint32 font_token, uint32 glyph_id)
+uint32 font_get_glyph_v_advance(uint32 font_token, uint32 glyph_id)
+```
+
+Returns the default horizontal and vertical advance respectively for the given glyph ID the current scale and variations settings.
+
+* `font_get_glyph_extents`
+
+```C
+typedef struct
+{
+  uint32 x_bearing;
+  uint32 y_bearing;
+  uint32 width;
+  uint32 height;
+} glyph_extents_t;
+
+bool font_get_glyph_extents(
+    uint32 font_token,
+    uint32 glyph_id,
+    glyph_extents_t* extents
+)
+```
+
+Returns the glyph's extents for the given glyph ID at current scale and variation settings.
+
+* `font_glyph_to_string`
+
+```C
+void font_glyph_to_string(
+    uint32 font_token,
+    uint32 glyph_id,
+    char* string,
+    uint32 size
+)
+```
+
+Copies the name of the given glyph, or, if no name is available, a string of the form `gXXXX` into the given string.
+
+* `font_copy_glyph_outline`
+
+```C
+typedef struct
+{
+  float x;
+  float y;
+  uint32_t type;
+} glyph_outline_point_t;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  uint32_t n_points;
+  glyph_outline_point_t* points;
+  uint32_t n_contours;
+  uint32_t* contours;
+} glyph_outline_t;
+
+bool font_copy_glyph_outline(
+    uint32 font_token,
+    uint32 glyph_id,
+    glyph_outline_t* outline
+);
+```
+
+Copies the outline of the given glyph ID, at current scale and variation settings, into the outline structure provided. The outline structure returns an array of points (specifying coordinates and whether the point is oncurve or offcurve) and an array of indexes into the points array representing the end of each contour, similar to the `glyf` table structure.
+
+* `font_copy_coords`/`font_set_coords`
+
+```C
+typedef struct
+{
+  uint32 length;
+  int32* coords;
+} coords_t;
+
+bool font_copy_coords(uint32 font_token, &coords_t coords);
+bool font_set_coords(uint32 font_token, &coords_t coords);
+```
+
+`font_copy_coords` copies the font's variation coordinates into the given structure; the resulting structure has `length` equal to the number of variation axes, with each member of the `coords` array being a F2DOT14 encoding of the normalized variation value.
+
+`font_set_coords` sets the font's variation coordinates. Because the WASM shaper is only responsible for shaping and positioning, not outline drawing, the user should *not* expect this to affect the rendered outlines; the function is only useful in very limited circumstances, such as when instantiating a second variable font and sub-shaping a buffer using this new font.
+
+## Face handling functions
+
+* `face_create`
+
+```C
+typedef struct
+{
+  uint32_t length;
+  char* data;
+} blob_t;
+
+uint32 font_get_face(blob_t* blob)
+```
+
+Creates a new *face token* from the given binary data.
+
+* `face_copy_table`
+
+```C
+void face_copy_table(uint32 face_token, uint32 tag, blob_t* blob)
+```
+
+Copies the binary data in the OpenType table referenced by `tag` into the supplied `blob` structure.
+
+* `face_get_upem`
+
+```C
+uint32 font_get_upem(uint32 face_token)
+```
+
+Returns the units-per-em of the font face.
+
+### Other functions
+
+* `blob_free`
+
+```C
+void blob_free(blob_t* blob)
+```
+
+Frees the memory allocated to a blob structure.
+
+* `glyph_outline_free`
+
+```C
+void glyph_outline_free(glyph_outline_t* glyph_outline)
+```
+
+Frees the memory allocated to a glyph outline structure.
+
+* `script_get_horizontal_direction`
+
+```C
+uint32 script_get_horizontal_direction(uint32 tag)
+```
+
+Returns the horizontal direction for the given ISO 15924 script tag. For return values, see `buffer_get_direction` above.
+
+* `debugprint` / `debugprint1` ... `debugprint4`
+
+```C
+void debugprint(char* str)
+void debugprint1(char* str, int32 arg1)
+void debugprint2(char* str, int32 arg1, int32 arg2)
+void debugprint3(char* str, int32 arg1, int32 arg2, int32 arg3)
+void debugprint3(
+    char* str,
+    int32 arg1,
+    int32 arg2,
+    int32 arg3,
+    int32 arg4
+)
+```
+
+Produces a debugging message in the host shaper's log output; the variants `debugprint1` ... `debugprint4` suffix the message with a comma-separated list of the integer arguments.
+
+## How to write a shaping engine in Rust
+
+You may write shaping engines in any language supported by WASM, by conforming to the API described above, but Rust is particularly easy, and we have one of those high-level interface wrappers which makes the process easier. Here are the steps to create an example shaping engine in Rust: (These examples can also be found in `src/wasm/sample/rust`)
+
+* First, install wasm-pack, which helps us to generate optimized WASM files. It writes some Javascript bridge code that we don't need, but it makes the build and deployment process much easier:
+
+```
+$ cargo install wasm-pack
+```
+
+* Now let's create a new library:
+
+```
+$ cargo new --lib hello-wasm
+```
+
+* We need the target to be a dynamic library, and we're going to use `bindgen` to export our Rust function to WASM, so let's put these lines in the `Cargo.toml`. The Harfbuzz sources contain a Rust crate which makes it easy to create the shaper, so we'll specify that as a dependency as well:
+
+```toml
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+[dependencies]
+wasm-bindgen = "0.2"
+harfbuzz-wasm = { path = "your-harfbuzz-source/src/wasm/rust/harfbuzz-wasm"}
+```
+
+*
+* And now we'll create our shaper code. In `src/lib.rs`:
+
+```rust
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub fn shape(_shape_plan:u32, font_ref: u32, buf_ref: u32, _features: u32, _num_features: u32) -> i32 {
+    1 // success!
+}
+```
+
+This exports a shaping function which takes four arguments, tokens representing the shaping plan, the font and the buffer, and returns a status value. We can pass these tokens back to Harfbuzz in order to use its native functions on the font and buffer objects. More on native functions later - let's get this shaper compiled and added into a font:
+
+* To compile the shaper, run `wasm-pack build --target nodejs`:
+
+```
+INFO]: 🎯  Checking for the Wasm target...
+[INFO]: 🌀  Compiling to Wasm...
+   Compiling hello-wasm v0.1.0 (...)
+    Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 0.20s
+[WARN]: ⚠️   origin crate has no README
+[INFO]: ⬇️  Installing wasm-bindgen...
+[INFO]: Optimizing wasm binaries with `wasm-opt`...
+[INFO]: Optional fields missing from Cargo.toml: 'description', 'repository', and 'license'. These are not necessary, but recommended
+[INFO]: ✨   Done in 0.40s
+```
+
+You'll find the output WASM file in `pkg/hello_wasm_bg.wasm`
+
+* Now we need to get it into a font.
+
+We provide a utility to do this called `addTable.py` in the `src/` directory:
+
+```
+% python3 ~/harfbuzz/src/addTable.py test.ttf test-wasm.ttf pkg/hello_wasm_bg.wasm
+```
+
+And now we can run it!
+
+```
+% hb-shape test-wasm.ttf abc --shapers=wasm
+[cent=0|sterling=1|fraction=2]
+```
+
+(The `--shapers=wasm` isn't necessary, as any font with a `Wasm` table will be sent to the WASM shaper if it's enabled, but it proves the point.)
+
+Congratulations! Our shaper did nothing, but in Rust! Now let's do something - it's time for the Hello World of WASM shaping.
+
+* To say hello world, we're going to have to use a native function.
+
+In debugging builds of Harfbuzz, we can print some output from the web assembly module to the host's standard output using the `debug` function. To make this easier, we've got the `harfbuzz-wasm` crate:
+
+```rust
+use harfbuzz_wasm::debug;
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub fn shape(_shape_plan:u32, _font_ref: u32, _buf_ref: u32, _features: u32, _num_features: u32) -> i32 {
+    debug("Hello from Rust!\n");
+    1
+}
+```
+
+With this compiled into a WASM module, and installed into our font again, finally our fonts can talk to us!
+
+```
+$ hb-shape test-wasm.ttf abc
+Hello from Rust!
+[cent=0|sterling=1|fraction=2]
+```
+
+Now let's start to do some actual, you know, *shaping*. The first thing a shaping engine normally does is (a) map the items in the buffer from Unicode codepoints into glyphs in the font, and (b) set the advance width of the buffer items to the default advance width for those glyphs. We're going to need to interrogate the font for this information, and write back to the buffer. Harfbuzz provides us with opaque pointers to the memory for the font and buffer, but we can turn those into useful Rust structures using the `harfbuzz-wasm` crate again:
+
+```rust
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+use harfbuzz_wasm::{Font, GlyphBuffer};
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub fn shape(_shape_plan:u32, font_ref: u32, buf_ref: u32, _features: u32, _num_features: u32) -> i32 {
+    let font = Font::from_ref(font_ref);
+    let mut buffer = GlyphBuffer::from_ref(buf_ref);
+    for mut item in buffer.glyphs.iter_mut() {
+        // Map character to glyph
+        item.codepoint = font.get_glyph(codepoint, 0);
+        // Set advance width
+        item.h_advance = font.get_glyph_h_advance(item.codepoint);
+    }
+    1
+}
+```
+
+The `GlyphBuffer`, unlike in Harfbuzz, combines positioning and information in a single structure, to save you having to zip and unzip all the time. It also takes care of marshalling the buffer back to Harfbuzz-land; when a GlyphBuffer is dropped, it writes its contents back through the reference into Harfbuzz's address space. (If you want a different representation of buffer items, you can have one: `GlyphBuffer` is implemented as a `Buffer<Glyph>`, and if you make your own struct which implements the `BufferItem` trait, you can make a buffer out of that instead.)
+
+One easy way to write your own shapers is to make use of OpenType shaping for the majority of your shaping work, and then make changes to the pre-shaped buffer afterwards. You can do this using the `Font.shape_with` method. Run this on a buffer reference, and then construct your `GlyphBuffer` object afterwards:
+
+```rust
+use harfbuzz_wasm::{Font, GlyphBuffer};
+use tiny_rng::{Rand, Rng};
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub fn shape(_shape_plan:u32, font_ref: u32, buf_ref: u32, _features: u32, _num_features: u32) -> i32 {
+    let mut rng = Rng::from_seed(123456);
+
+    // Use the default OpenType shaper
+    let font = Font::from_ref(font_ref);
+    font.shape_with(buf_ref, "ot");
+
+    // Now we have a buffer with glyph ids, advance widths etc.
+    // already filled in.
+    let mut buffer = GlyphBuffer::from_ref(buf_ref);
+    for mut item in buffer.glyphs.iter_mut() {
+        // Randomize it!
+        item.x_offset = ((rng.rand_u32() as i32) >> 24) - 120;
+        item.y_offset = ((rng.rand_u32() as i32) >> 24) - 120;
+    }
+
+    1
+}
+```
+
+See the documentation for the `harfbuzz-wasm` crate for all the other
--- a/meson.build
+++ b/meson.build
@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ glib_dep = dependency('glib-2.0', required: get_option('glib'))
 gobject_dep = dependency('gobject-2.0', required: get_option('gobject'))
 graphite2_dep = dependency('graphite2', required: get_option('graphite2'))
 graphite_dep = dependency('graphite2', required: get_option('graphite'))
+wasm_dep = cpp.find_library('iwasm', required: get_option('wasm'))
+# How to check whether iwasm was built, and hence requires, LLVM?
+#llvm_dep = cpp.find_library('LLVM-15', required: get_option('wasm'))

 if meson.version().version_compare('>=0.60.0')
  # pkg-config: icu-uc, cmake: ICU but with components
@ -230,6 +233,11 @@ if chafa_dep.found()
  conf.set('HAVE_CHAFA', 1)
 endif

+if wasm_dep.found()
+  conf.set('HAVE_WASM', 1)
+  conf.set('HB_WASM_MODULE_DIR', '"'+get_option('prefix')+'/'+get_option('libdir')+'/harfbuzz/wasm"')
+endif
+
 if graphite2_dep.found() or graphite_dep.found()
  conf.set('HAVE_GRAPHITE2', 1)
 endif
@ -419,10 +427,11 @@ build_summary = {
    },
  'Additional shapers':
    {'Graphite2': conf.get('HAVE_GRAPHITE2', 0) == 1,
+     'WebAssembly (experimental)': conf.get('HAVE_WASM', 0) == 1,
    },
  'Platform shapers (not normally needed)':
    {'CoreText': conf.get('HAVE_CORETEXT', 0) == 1,
-     'DirectWrite': conf.get('HAVE_DIRECTWRITE', 0) == 1,
+     'DirectWrite (experimental)': conf.get('HAVE_DIRECTWRITE', 0) == 1,
     'GDI/Uniscribe': (conf.get('HAVE_GDI', 0) == 1) and (conf.get('HAVE_UNISCRIBE', 0) == 1),
    },
  'Other features':
--- a/meson_options.txt
+++ b/meson_options.txt
@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ option('directwrite', type: 'feature', value: 'disabled',
  description: 'Enable DirectWrite shaper backend on Windows (experimental)')
 option('coretext', type: 'feature', value: 'disabled',
  description: 'Enable CoreText shaper backend on macOS')
+option('wasm', type: 'feature', value: 'disabled',
+  description: 'Enable WebAssembly shaper backend (experimental)')

 # Common feature options
 option('tests', type: 'feature', value: 'enabled', yield: true,
--- a/src/Makefile.am
+++ b/src/Makefile.am
@ -114,6 +114,16 @@ else
 HB_HAS_CORETEXT_DEF = undef HB_HAS_CORETEXT
 endif

+if HAVE_WASM
+HBCFLAGS += $(WASM_CFLAGS)
+HBNONPCLIBS += $(WASM_LIBS)
+HBSOURCES += $(HB_WASM_sources)
+HBHEADERS += $(HB_WASM_headers)
+HB_HAS_WASM_DEF = define HB_HAS_WASM 1
+else
+HB_HAS_WASM_DEF = undef HB_HAS_WASM
+endif
+

 BUILT_SOURCES += \
 	hb-version.h
@ -273,16 +283,17 @@ DISTCLEANFILES += \
 hb-features.h: hb-features.h.in $(top_builddir)/config.status
 	$(AM_V_GEN) $(SED) \
 		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_CAIRO/$(HB_HAS_CAIRO_DEF)/' \
+		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_CORETEXT/$(HB_HAS_CORETEXT_DEF)/' \
+		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_DIRECTWRITE/$(HB_HAS_DIRECTWRITE_DEF)/' \
 		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_FREETYPE/$(HB_HAS_FREETYPE_DEF)/' \
 		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_GDI/$(HB_HAS_GDI_DEF)/' \
 		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_GDI/$(HB_HAS_GDI_DEF)/' \
-		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_GRAPHITE/$(HB_HAS_GRAPHITE_DEF)/' \
 		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_GLIB/$(HB_HAS_GLIB_DEF)/' \
 		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_GOBJECT/$(HB_HAS_GOBJECT_DEF)/' \
-		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_UNISCRIBE/$(HB_HAS_UNISCRIBE_DEF)/' \
-		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_DIRECTWRITE/$(HB_HAS_DIRECTWRITE_DEF)/' \
-		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_CORETEXT/$(HB_HAS_CORETEXT_DEF)/' \
+		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_GRAPHITE/$(HB_HAS_GRAPHITE_DEF)/' \
 		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_ICU/$(HB_HAS_ICU_DEF)/' \
+		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_UNISCRIBE/$(HB_HAS_UNISCRIBE_DEF)/' \
+		-e 's/mesondefine HB_HAS_WASM/$(HB_HAS_WASM_DEF)/' \
 		"$<" > "$@" || ($(RM) "$@"; false)


--- a/src/Makefile.sources
+++ b/src/Makefile.sources
@ -338,10 +338,22 @@ HB_GDI_headers = hb-gdi.h
 HB_UNISCRIBE_sources = hb-uniscribe.cc
 HB_UNISCRIBE_headers = hb-uniscribe.h

-# Sources for libharfbuzz-gobject and libharfbuzz-icu
 HB_ICU_sources = hb-icu.cc
 HB_ICU_headers = hb-icu.h

+HB_WASM_sources = \
+	hb-wasm-api.cc \
+	hb-wasm-api.hh \
+	hb-wasm-api-blob.hh \
+	hb-wasm-api-buffer.hh \
+	hb-wasm-api-common.hh \
+	hb-wasm-api-face.hh \
+	hb-wasm-api-font.hh \
+	hb-wasm-api-shape.hh \
+	hb-wasm-shape.cc \
+	$(NULL)
+HB_WASM_headers = hb-wasm-api.h
+
 # Sources for libharfbuzz-subset
 HB_SUBSET_sources = \
 	hb-number.cc \
--- a/src/addTable.py
+++ b/src/addTable.py
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import sys
+from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont
+from fontTools.ttLib.tables.DefaultTable import DefaultTable
+
+if len(sys.argv) == 1:
+    print("usage: python addTable.py input.ttf output.ttf Wasm.bin")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+font = TTFont(sys.argv[1])
+
+wasm_table = DefaultTable("Wasm")
+wasm_table.data = open(sys.argv[3], "rb").read()
+
+font["Wasm"] = wasm_table
+
+font.save(sys.argv[2])
--- a/src/harfbuzz.cc
+++ b/src/harfbuzz.cc
@ -58,3 +58,5 @@
 #include "hb-ucd.cc"
 #include "hb-unicode.cc"
 #include "hb-uniscribe.cc"
+#include "hb-wasm-api.cc"
+#include "hb-wasm-shape.cc"
--- a/src/hb-buffer.hh
+++ b/src/hb-buffer.hh
@ -493,6 +493,13 @@ struct hb_buffer_t

  HB_NODISCARD HB_INTERNAL bool enlarge (unsigned int size);

+  HB_NODISCARD bool resize (unsigned length)
+  {
+    assert (!have_output);
+    if (unlikely (!ensure (length))) return false;
+    len = length;
+    return true;
+  }
  HB_NODISCARD bool ensure (unsigned int size)
  { return likely (!size || size < allocated) ? true : enlarge (size); }

--- a/src/hb-debug.hh
+++ b/src/hb-debug.hh
@ -389,6 +389,10 @@ struct hb_no_trace_t {
 #define HB_DEBUG_UNISCRIBE (HB_DEBUG+0)
 #endif

+#ifndef HB_DEBUG_WASM
+#define HB_DEBUG_WASM (HB_DEBUG+0)
+#endif
+
 /*
 * With tracing.
 */
--- a/src/hb-features.h.in
+++ b/src/hb-features.h.in
@ -106,6 +106,13 @@ HB_BEGIN_DECLS
 */
 #mesondefine HB_HAS_UNISCRIBE

+/**
+ * HB_HAS_WASM:
+ *
+ * Defined if Harfbuzz has been built with WebAssembly support.
+ */
+#mesondefine HB_HAS_WASM
+

 HB_END_DECLS

--- a/src/hb-graphite2.cc
+++ b/src/hb-graphite2.cc
@ -248,6 +248,21 @@ _hb_graphite2_shape (hb_shape_plan_t    *shape_plan HB_UNUSED,
      gr_fref_set_feature_value (fref, features[i].value, feats);
  }

+  hb_direction_t direction = buffer->props.direction;
+  hb_direction_t horiz_dir = hb_script_get_horizontal_direction (buffer->props.script);
+  /* TODO vertical:
+   * The only BTT vertical script is Ogham, but it's not clear to me whether OpenType
+   * Ogham fonts are supposed to be implemented BTT or not.  Need to research that
+   * first. */
+  if ((HB_DIRECTION_IS_HORIZONTAL (direction) &&
+       direction != horiz_dir && horiz_dir != HB_DIRECTION_INVALID) ||
+      (HB_DIRECTION_IS_VERTICAL   (direction) &&
+       direction != HB_DIRECTION_TTB))
+  {
+    hb_buffer_reverse_clusters (buffer);
+    direction = HB_DIRECTION_REVERSE (direction);
+  }
+
  gr_segment *seg = nullptr;
  const gr_slot *is;
  unsigned int ci = 0, ic = 0;
@ -261,21 +276,11 @@ _hb_graphite2_shape (hb_shape_plan_t    *shape_plan HB_UNUSED,
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < buffer->len; ++i)
    chars[i] = buffer->info[i].codepoint;

-  /* TODO ensure_native_direction. */
-
-  hb_tag_t script_tag[HB_OT_MAX_TAGS_PER_SCRIPT];
-  unsigned int count = HB_OT_MAX_TAGS_PER_SCRIPT;
-  hb_ot_tags_from_script_and_language (hb_buffer_get_script (buffer),
-				       HB_LANGUAGE_INVALID,
-				       &count,
-				       script_tag,
-				       nullptr, nullptr);
-
  seg = gr_make_seg (nullptr, grface,
-		     count ? script_tag[count - 1] : HB_OT_TAG_DEFAULT_SCRIPT,
+		     HB_TAG_NONE, // https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/3439#issuecomment-1442650148
 		     feats,
 		     gr_utf32, chars, buffer->len,
-		     2 | (hb_buffer_get_direction (buffer) == HB_DIRECTION_RTL ? 1 : 0));
+		     2 | (direction == HB_DIRECTION_RTL ? 1 : 0));

  if (unlikely (!seg)) {
    if (feats) gr_featureval_destroy (feats);
@ -327,7 +332,7 @@ _hb_graphite2_shape (hb_shape_plan_t    *shape_plan HB_UNUSED,
  float yscale = (float) font->y_scale / upem;
  yscale *= yscale / xscale;
  unsigned int curradv = 0;
-  if (HB_DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD(buffer->props.direction))
+  if (HB_DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD (direction))
  {
    curradv = gr_slot_origin_X(gr_seg_first_slot(seg)) * xscale;
    clusters[0].advance = gr_seg_advance_X(seg) * xscale - curradv;
@ -356,7 +361,7 @@ _hb_graphite2_shape (hb_shape_plan_t    *shape_plan HB_UNUSED,
      c->num_chars = before - c->base_char;
      c->base_glyph = ic;
      c->num_glyphs = 0;
-      if (HB_DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD(buffer->props.direction))
+      if (HB_DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD (direction))
      {
 	c->advance = curradv - gr_slot_origin_X(is) * xscale;
 	curradv -= c->advance;
@ -375,7 +380,7 @@ _hb_graphite2_shape (hb_shape_plan_t    *shape_plan HB_UNUSED,
 	clusters[ci].num_chars = after + 1 - clusters[ci].base_char;
  }

-  if (HB_DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD(buffer->props.direction))
+  if (HB_DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD (direction))
    clusters[ci].advance += curradv;
  else
    clusters[ci].advance += gr_seg_advance_X(seg) * xscale - curradv;
@ -397,7 +402,7 @@ _hb_graphite2_shape (hb_shape_plan_t    *shape_plan HB_UNUSED,
  unsigned int currclus = UINT_MAX;
  const hb_glyph_info_t *info = buffer->info;
  hb_glyph_position_t *pPos = hb_buffer_get_glyph_positions (buffer, nullptr);
-  if (!HB_DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD(buffer->props.direction))
+  if (!HB_DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD (direction))
  {
    curradvx = 0;
    for (is = gr_seg_first_slot (seg); is; pPos++, ++info, is = gr_slot_next_in_segment (is))
--- a/src/hb-shaper-list.hh
+++ b/src/hb-shaper-list.hh
@ -33,6 +33,11 @@

 /* v--- Add new shapers in the right place here. */

+#ifdef HAVE_WASM
+/* Only picks up fonts that have a "Wasm" table. */
+HB_SHAPER_IMPLEMENT (wasm)
+#endif
+
 #ifdef HAVE_GRAPHITE2
 /* Only picks up fonts that have a "Silf" table. */
 HB_SHAPER_IMPLEMENT (graphite2)
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api-blob.hh
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api-blob.hh
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_BLOB_HH
+#define HB_WASM_API_BLOB_HH
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.hh"
+
+namespace hb {
+namespace wasm {
+
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, blob_free) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+			       ptr_d(blob_t, blob))
+{
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (blob_t, blob);
+  if (unlikely (!blob))
+    return;
+
+  module_free (blob->data);
+
+  blob->data = nullref;
+  blob->length = 0;
+}
+
+
+}}
+
+#endif /* HB_WASM_API_BLOB_HH */
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api-buffer.hh
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api-buffer.hh
@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_BUFFER_HH
+#define HB_WASM_API_BUFFER_HH
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.hh"
+
+#include "hb-buffer.hh"
+
+namespace hb {
+namespace wasm {
+
+static_assert (sizeof (glyph_info_t) == sizeof (hb_glyph_info_t), "");
+static_assert (sizeof (glyph_position_t) == sizeof (hb_glyph_position_t), "");
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, buffer_contents_realloc) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					       ptr_d(buffer_contents_t, contents),
+					       uint32_t size)
+{
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (buffer_contents_t, contents);
+  if (unlikely (!contents))
+    return false;
+
+  if (size <= contents->length)
+    return true;
+
+  unsigned bytes;
+  if (hb_unsigned_mul_overflows (size, sizeof (glyph_info_t), &bytes))
+    return false;
+
+  glyph_info_t *info = HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE (glyph_info_t, contents->info, contents->length);
+  glyph_position_t *pos = HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE (glyph_position_t, contents->pos, contents->length);
+
+  if (unlikely (!info || !pos))
+    return false;
+
+  glyph_info_t *new_info = nullptr;
+  uint32_t new_inforef = module_malloc (bytes, (void **) &new_info);
+  glyph_position_t *new_pos = nullptr;
+  uint32_t new_posref = module_malloc (bytes, (void **) &new_pos);
+
+  unsigned old_bytes = contents->length * sizeof (glyph_info_t);
+  if (likely (new_inforef))
+  {
+    memcpy (new_info, info, old_bytes);
+    module_free (contents->info);
+    contents->info = new_inforef;
+  }
+  if (likely (new_posref))
+  {
+    memcpy (new_pos, pos, old_bytes);
+    module_free (contents->pos);
+    contents->pos = new_posref;
+  }
+
+  if (likely (new_info && new_pos))
+  {
+    contents->length = size;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, buffer_contents_free) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(buffer_contents_t, contents))
+{
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (buffer_contents_t, contents);
+  if (unlikely (!contents))
+    return;
+
+  module_free (contents->info);
+  module_free (contents->pos);
+
+  contents->info = nullref;
+  contents->pos = nullref;
+  contents->length = 0;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, buffer_copy_contents) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					    ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer),
+					    ptr_d(buffer_contents_t, contents))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (buffer);
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (buffer_contents_t, contents);
+  if (unlikely (!contents))
+    return false;
+
+  if (buffer->have_output)
+    buffer->sync ();
+  if (!buffer->have_positions)
+    buffer->clear_positions ();
+
+  unsigned length = buffer->len;
+
+  if (length <= contents->length)
+  {
+    glyph_info_t *info = HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE (glyph_info_t, contents->info, length);
+    glyph_position_t *pos = HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE (glyph_position_t, contents->pos, length);
+
+    if (unlikely (!info || !pos))
+    {
+      contents->length = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    unsigned bytes = length * sizeof (hb_glyph_info_t);
+    memcpy (info, buffer->info, bytes);
+    memcpy (pos, buffer->pos, bytes);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  module_free (contents->info);
+  module_free (contents->pos);
+
+  contents->length = length;
+  unsigned bytes = length * sizeof (hb_glyph_info_t);
+  contents->info = wasm_runtime_module_dup_data (module_inst, (const char *) buffer->info, bytes);
+  contents->pos = wasm_runtime_module_dup_data (module_inst, (const char *) buffer->pos, bytes);
+
+  if (length && (!contents->info || !contents->pos))
+  {
+    contents->length = 0;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, buffer_set_contents) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					   ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer),
+					   ptr_d(const buffer_contents_t, contents))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (buffer);
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (buffer_contents_t, contents);
+  if (unlikely (!contents))
+    return false;
+
+  unsigned length = contents->length;
+  unsigned bytes;
+  if (unlikely (hb_unsigned_mul_overflows (length, sizeof (buffer->info[0]), &bytes)))
+    return false;
+
+  if (unlikely (!buffer->resize (length)))
+    return false;
+
+  glyph_info_t *info = (glyph_info_t *) (validate_app_addr (contents->info, bytes) ? addr_app_to_native (contents->info) : nullptr);
+  glyph_position_t *pos = (glyph_position_t *) (validate_app_addr (contents->pos, bytes) ? addr_app_to_native (contents->pos) : nullptr);
+
+  if (!buffer->have_positions)
+    buffer->clear_positions (); /* This is wasteful. */
+
+  memcpy (buffer->info, info, bytes);
+  memcpy (buffer->pos, pos, bytes);
+  buffer->len = length;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (direction_t, buffer_get_direction) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+						 ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (buffer);
+
+  return (direction_t) hb_buffer_get_direction (buffer);
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (script_t, buffer_get_script) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					   ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (buffer);
+
+  return hb_script_to_iso15924_tag (hb_buffer_get_script (buffer));
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, buffer_reverse) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				    ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (buffer);
+
+  hb_buffer_reverse (buffer);
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, buffer_reverse_clusters) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					     ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (buffer);
+
+  hb_buffer_reverse_clusters (buffer);
+}
+
+}}
+
+#endif /* HB_WASM_API_BUFFER_HH */
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api-common.hh
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api-common.hh
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_COMMON_HH
+#define HB_WASM_API_COMMON_HH
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.hh"
+
+namespace hb {
+namespace wasm {
+
+
+HB_WASM_API (direction_t, script_get_horizontal_direction) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+							    script_t script)
+{
+  return (direction_t)
+	 hb_script_get_horizontal_direction (hb_script_from_iso15924_tag (script));
+}
+
+
+}}
+
+#endif /* HB_WASM_API_COMMON_HH */
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api-face.hh
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api-face.hh
@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_FACE_HH
+#define HB_WASM_API_FACE_HH
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.hh"
+
+namespace hb {
+namespace wasm {
+
+
+HB_WASM_API (ptr_t(face_t), face_create) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(blob_t, blob),
+					  unsigned int index)
+{
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (blob_t, blob);
+  hb_blob_t *hb_blob = hb_blob_create(
+				      HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE (char, blob->data, blob->length),
+				      blob->length,
+				      HB_MEMORY_MODE_DUPLICATE,
+				      NULL,
+				      NULL);
+
+  hb_face_t *face = hb_face_create(hb_blob, index);
+
+  HB_OBJ2REF (face);
+  return faceref;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, face_copy_table) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				       ptr_d(face_t, face),
+				       tag_t table_tag,
+				       ptr_d(blob_t, blob))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (face);
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (blob_t, blob);
+  if (unlikely (!blob))
+    return false;
+
+  hb_blob_t *hb_blob = hb_face_reference_table (face, table_tag);
+
+  unsigned length;
+  const char *hb_data = hb_blob_get_data (hb_blob, &length);
+
+  if (length <= blob->length)
+  {
+    char *data = HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE (char, blob->data, length);
+
+    if (unlikely (!data))
+    {
+      blob->length = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    memcpy (data, hb_data, length);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  module_free (blob->data);
+
+  blob->length = length;
+  blob->data = wasm_runtime_module_dup_data (module_inst, hb_data, length);
+
+  hb_blob_destroy (hb_blob);
+
+  if (blob->length && !blob->data)
+  {
+    blob->length = 0;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (unsigned, face_get_upem) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				       ptr_d(face_t, face))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (face);
+
+  return hb_face_get_upem (face);
+}
+
+
+}}
+
+#endif /* HB_WASM_API_FACE_HH */
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api-font.hh
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api-font.hh
@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_FONT_HH
+#define HB_WASM_API_FONT_HH
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.hh"
+
+#include "hb-outline.hh"
+
+namespace hb {
+namespace wasm {
+
+
+HB_WASM_API (ptr_t(font_t), font_create) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(face_t, face))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (face);
+
+  hb_font_t *font = hb_font_create (face);
+
+  HB_OBJ2REF (font);
+  return fontref;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (ptr_t(face_t), font_get_face) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					    ptr_d(font_t, font))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+
+  hb_face_t *face = hb_font_get_face (font);
+
+  HB_OBJ2REF (face);
+  return faceref;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, font_get_scale) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				    ptr_d(font_t, font),
+				    ptr_d(int32_t, x_scale),
+				    ptr_d(int32_t, y_scale))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+
+  HB_PTR_PARAM(int32_t, x_scale);
+  HB_PTR_PARAM(int32_t, y_scale);
+
+  hb_font_get_scale (font, x_scale, y_scale);
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (codepoint_t, font_get_glyph) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					      ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					      codepoint_t unicode,
+					      codepoint_t variation_selector)
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+  codepoint_t glyph;
+
+  hb_font_get_glyph (font, unicode, variation_selector, &glyph);
+  return glyph;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (position_t, font_get_glyph_h_advance) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+						    ptr_d(font_t, font),
+						    codepoint_t glyph)
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+  return hb_font_get_glyph_h_advance (font, glyph);
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (position_t, font_get_glyph_v_advance) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+						    ptr_d(font_t, font),
+						    codepoint_t glyph)
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+  return hb_font_get_glyph_v_advance (font, glyph);
+}
+
+static_assert (sizeof (glyph_extents_t) == sizeof (hb_glyph_extents_t), "");
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, font_get_glyph_extents) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					      ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					      codepoint_t glyph,
+					      ptr_d(glyph_extents_t, extents))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (glyph_extents_t, extents);
+  if (unlikely (!extents))
+    return false;
+
+  return hb_font_get_glyph_extents (font, glyph,
+				    (hb_glyph_extents_t *) extents);
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, font_glyph_to_string) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					  codepoint_t glyph,
+					  char *s, uint32_t size)
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+
+  hb_font_glyph_to_string (font, glyph, s, size);
+}
+
+static_assert (sizeof (glyph_outline_point_t) == sizeof (hb_outline_point_t), "");
+static_assert (sizeof (uint32_t) == sizeof (hb_outline_t::contours[0]), "");
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, font_copy_glyph_outline) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					       ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					       codepoint_t glyph,
+					       ptr_d(glyph_outline_t, outline))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (glyph_outline_t, outline);
+  if (unlikely (!outline))
+    return false;
+
+  hb_outline_t hb_outline;
+  auto *funcs = hb_outline_recording_pen_get_funcs ();
+
+  hb_font_draw_glyph (font, glyph, funcs, &hb_outline);
+
+  if (unlikely (hb_outline.points.in_error () ||
+		hb_outline.contours.in_error ()))
+  {
+    outline->n_points = outline->n_contours = 0;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // TODO Check two buffers separately
+  if (hb_outline.points.length <= outline->n_points &&
+      hb_outline.contours.length <= outline->n_contours)
+  {
+    glyph_outline_point_t *points = HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE (glyph_outline_point_t, outline->points, hb_outline.points.length);
+    uint32_t *contours = HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE (uint32_t, outline->contours, hb_outline.contours.length);
+
+    if (unlikely (!points || !contours))
+    {
+      outline->n_points = outline->n_contours = 0;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    memcpy (points, hb_outline.points.arrayZ, hb_outline.points.get_size ());
+    memcpy (contours, hb_outline.contours.arrayZ, hb_outline.contours.get_size ());
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  outline->n_points = hb_outline.points.length;
+  outline->points = wasm_runtime_module_dup_data (module_inst,
+						  (const char *) hb_outline.points.arrayZ,
+						  hb_outline.points.get_size ());
+  outline->n_contours = hb_outline.contours.length;
+  outline->contours = wasm_runtime_module_dup_data (module_inst,
+						    (const char *) hb_outline.contours.arrayZ,
+						    hb_outline.contours.get_size ());
+
+  if ((outline->n_points && !outline->points) ||
+      (!outline->n_contours && !outline->contours))
+  {
+    outline->n_points = outline->n_contours = 0;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, glyph_outline_free) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					ptr_d(glyph_outline_t, outline))
+{
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (glyph_outline_t, outline);
+  if (unlikely (!outline))
+    return;
+
+  module_free (outline->points);
+  module_free (outline->contours);
+
+  outline->n_points = 0;
+  outline->points = nullref;
+  outline->n_contours = 0;
+  outline->contours = nullref;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, font_copy_coords) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					  ptr_d(coords_t, coords))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (coords_t, coords);
+  if (unlikely (!coords))
+    return false;
+
+  unsigned our_length;
+  const int* our_coords = hb_font_get_var_coords_normalized(font, &our_length);
+
+  if (our_length <= coords->length) {
+    int *their_coords = HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE (int, coords->coords, our_length);
+    if (unlikely(!their_coords)) {
+    	coords->length = 0;
+    	return false;
+    }
+		unsigned bytes = our_length * sizeof (int);
+    memcpy (their_coords, our_coords, bytes);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  module_free (coords->coords);
+  coords->length = our_length;
+	unsigned bytes = our_length * sizeof (int);
+  coords->coords = wasm_runtime_module_dup_data (module_inst, (const char *) our_coords, bytes);
+	if (our_length && !coords->coords)
+	  {
+    coords->length = 0;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, font_set_coords) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					  ptr_d(coords_t, coords))
+{
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+  HB_PTR_PARAM (coords_t, coords);
+  if (unlikely (!coords))
+    return false;
+
+  unsigned length = coords->length;
+  unsigned bytes;
+  if (unlikely (hb_unsigned_mul_overflows (length, sizeof (int), &bytes)))
+    return false;
+
+  const int *our_coords = (const int *) (validate_app_addr (coords->coords, bytes) ? addr_app_to_native (coords->coords) : nullptr);
+  hb_font_set_var_coords_normalized(font, our_coords, length);
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+}}
+
+#endif /* HB_WASM_API_FONT_HH */
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api-list.hh
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api-list.hh
@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_LIST_HH
+#define HB_WASM_API_LIST_HH
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.hh"
+
+
+#ifdef HB_DEBUG_WASM
+namespace hb { namespace wasm {
+
+static void debugprint (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV char *str)
+{ DEBUG_MSG (WASM, exec_env, "%s", str); }
+static void debugprint1 (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV char *str, int32_t i1)
+{ DEBUG_MSG (WASM, exec_env, "%s: %d", str, i1); }
+static void debugprint2 (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV char *str, int32_t i1, int32_t i2)
+{ DEBUG_MSG (WASM, exec_env, "%s: %d, %d", str, i1, i2); }
+static void debugprint3 (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV char *str, int32_t i1, int32_t i2, int32_t i3)
+{ DEBUG_MSG (WASM, exec_env, "%s: %d, %d, %d", str, i1, i2, i3); }
+static void debugprint4 (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV char *str, int32_t i1, int32_t i2, int32_t i3, int32_t i4)
+{ DEBUG_MSG (WASM, exec_env, "%s: %d, %d, %d, %d", str, i1, i2, i3, i4); }
+
+}}
+#endif
+
+#define NATIVE_SYMBOL(signature, name) {#name, (void *) hb::wasm::name, signature, NULL}
+/* Note: the array must be static defined since runtime will keep it after registration.
+ * Also not const, because it modifies it (sorts it).
+ * https://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasm-micro-runtime/blob/main/doc/export_native_api.md
+ *
+ * TODO Allocate this lazily in _hb_wasm_init(). */
+static NativeSymbol _hb_wasm_native_symbols[] =
+{
+  /* common */
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)i",	script_get_horizontal_direction),
+
+  /* blob */
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)",		blob_free),
+
+  /* buffer */
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)",		buffer_contents_free),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(ii)i",	buffer_contents_realloc),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(ii)i",	buffer_copy_contents),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(ii)i",	buffer_set_contents),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)i",	buffer_get_direction),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)i",	buffer_get_script),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)",		buffer_reverse),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)",		buffer_reverse_clusters),
+
+  /* face */
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(ii)i",	face_create),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(iii)i",	face_copy_table),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)i",	face_get_upem),
+
+  /* font */
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)i",	font_create),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)i",	font_get_face),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(iii)",	font_get_scale),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(iii)i",	font_get_glyph),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(ii)i",	font_get_glyph_h_advance),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(ii)i",	font_get_glyph_v_advance),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(iii)i",	font_get_glyph_extents),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(ii$*)",	font_glyph_to_string),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(iii)i",	font_copy_glyph_outline),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(ii)i",	font_copy_coords),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(ii)i",	font_set_coords),
+
+  /* outline */
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(i)",		glyph_outline_free),
+
+  /* shape */
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("(iiii$)i",	shape_with),
+
+  /* debug */
+#ifdef HB_DEBUG_WASM
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("($)",		debugprint),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("($i)",	debugprint1),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("($ii)",	debugprint2),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("($iii)",	debugprint3),
+  NATIVE_SYMBOL ("($iiii)",	debugprint4),
+#endif
+
+};
+#undef NATIVE_SYMBOL
+
+
+#endif /* HB_WASM_API_LIST_HH */
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api-shape.hh
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api-shape.hh
@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_SHAPE_HH
+#define HB_WASM_API_SHAPE_HH
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.hh"
+
+namespace hb {
+namespace wasm {
+
+
+static_assert (sizeof (feature_t) == sizeof (hb_feature_t), "");
+
+HB_WASM_INTERFACE (bool_t, shape_with) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				        ptr_d(font_t, font),
+				        ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer),
+				        ptr_d(const feature_t, features),
+				        uint32_t num_features,
+					const char *shaper)
+{
+  if (unlikely (0 == strcmp (shaper, "wasm")))
+    return false;
+
+  HB_REF2OBJ (font);
+  HB_REF2OBJ (buffer);
+
+  /* Pre-conditions that make hb_shape_full() crash should be checked here. */
+
+  if (unlikely (!buffer->ensure_unicode ()))
+    return false;
+
+  if (unlikely (!HB_DIRECTION_IS_VALID (buffer->props.direction)))
+    return false;
+
+  HB_ARRAY_PARAM (const feature_t, features, num_features);
+  if (unlikely (!features && num_features))
+    return false;
+
+  const char * shaper_list[] = {shaper, nullptr};
+  return hb_shape_full (font, buffer,
+			(hb_feature_t *) features, num_features,
+			shaper_list);
+}
+
+
+}}
+
+#endif /* HB_WASM_API_SHAPE_HH */
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api.cc
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api.cc
@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#include "hb.hh"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_WASM
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.hh"
+
+#define module_inst wasm_runtime_get_module_inst (exec_env)
+
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api-blob.hh"
+#include "hb-wasm-api-buffer.hh"
+#include "hb-wasm-api-common.hh"
+#include "hb-wasm-api-face.hh"
+#include "hb-wasm-api-font.hh"
+#include "hb-wasm-api-shape.hh"
+
+
+#undef module_inst
+
+hb_user_data_key_t _hb_wasm_ref_type_key = {};
+
+#endif
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api.h
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api.h
@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_H
+#define HB_WASM_API_H
+
+/*
+#include "hb.h"
+*/
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_BEGIN_DECLS
+# ifdef __cplusplus
+#  define HB_WASM_BEGIN_DECLS	extern "C" {
+#  define HB_WASM_END_DECLS	}
+# else /* !__cplusplus */
+#  define HB_WASM_BEGIN_DECLS
+#  define HB_WASM_END_DECLS
+# endif /* !__cplusplus */
+#endif
+
+
+HB_WASM_BEGIN_DECLS
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API
+#define HB_WASM_API(ret_t, name) ret_t name
+#endif
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_COMPOUND /* compound return type */
+#define HB_WASM_API_COMPOUND(ret_t, name) HB_WASM_API(ret_t, name)
+#endif
+#ifndef HB_WASM_INTERFACE
+#define HB_WASM_INTERFACE(ret_t, name) ret_t name
+#endif
+#ifndef HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+#define HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+#endif
+#ifndef HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV_COMPOUND
+#define HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV_COMPOUND HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef bool_t
+#define bool_t uint32_t
+#endif
+#ifndef ptr_t
+#define ptr_t(type_t) type_t *
+#endif
+#ifndef ptr_d
+#define ptr_d(type_t, name) type_t *name
+#endif
+
+typedef uint32_t codepoint_t;
+typedef int32_t position_t;
+typedef uint32_t mask_t;
+typedef uint32_t tag_t;
+#define TAG(c1,c2,c3,c4) ((tag_t)((((uint32_t)(c1)&0xFF)<<24)|(((uint32_t)(c2)&0xFF)<<16)|(((uint32_t)(c3)&0xFF)<<8)|((uint32_t)(c4)&0xFF)))
+
+typedef enum {
+  DIRECTION_INVALID = 0,
+  DIRECTION_LTR = 4,
+  DIRECTION_RTL,
+  DIRECTION_TTB,
+  DIRECTION_BTT
+} direction_t;
+#define DIRECTION_IS_VALID(dir)		((((unsigned int) (dir)) & ~3U) == 4)
+#define DIRECTION_IS_HORIZONTAL(dir)	((((unsigned int) (dir)) & ~1U) == 4)
+#define DIRECTION_IS_VERTICAL(dir)	((((unsigned int) (dir)) & ~1U) == 6)
+#define DIRECTION_IS_FORWARD(dir)	((((unsigned int) (dir)) & ~2U) == 4)
+#define DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD(dir)	((((unsigned int) (dir)) & ~2U) == 5)
+#define DIRECTION_REVERSE(dir)		((direction_t) (((unsigned int) (dir)) ^ 1))
+
+typedef tag_t script_t; /* ISO 15924 representation of Unicode scripts. */
+
+
+/* common */
+
+HB_WASM_API (direction_t, script_get_horizontal_direction) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+							    script_t script);
+
+
+/* blob */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  uint32_t length;
+  ptr_t(char) data;
+} blob_t;
+#define BLOB_INIT {0, 0}
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, blob_free) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+			       ptr_d(blob_t, blob));
+
+/* buffer */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  uint32_t codepoint;
+  uint32_t mask;
+  uint32_t cluster;
+  uint32_t var1;
+  uint32_t var2;
+} glyph_info_t;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  position_t x_advance;
+  position_t y_advance;
+  position_t x_offset;
+  position_t y_offset;
+  uint32_t var;
+} glyph_position_t;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  uint32_t length;
+  ptr_t(glyph_info_t) info;
+  ptr_t(glyph_position_t) pos;
+} buffer_contents_t;
+#define BUFFER_CONTENTS_INIT {0, 0, 0}
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, buffer_contents_realloc) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					       ptr_d(buffer_contents_t, contents),
+					       uint32_t size);
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, buffer_contents_free) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(buffer_contents_t, contents));
+
+typedef struct buffer_t buffer_t;
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, buffer_copy_contents) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					    ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer),
+					    ptr_d(buffer_contents_t, contents));
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, buffer_set_contents) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					   ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer),
+					   ptr_d(const buffer_contents_t, contents));
+
+HB_WASM_API (direction_t, buffer_get_direction) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+						 ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer));
+
+HB_WASM_API (script_t, buffer_get_script) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					   ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer));
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, buffer_reverse) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				    ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer));
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, buffer_reverse_clusters) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					     ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer));
+
+/* face */
+
+typedef struct face_t face_t;
+
+HB_WASM_API (ptr_t(face_t), face_create) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(blob_t, blob),
+					  unsigned int);
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, face_copy_table) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				       ptr_d(face_t, face),
+				       tag_t table_tag,
+				       ptr_d(blob_t, blob));
+
+HB_WASM_API (unsigned, face_get_upem) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				       ptr_d(face_t, face));
+
+/* font */
+
+typedef struct font_t font_t;
+
+HB_WASM_API (ptr_t(font_t), font_create) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(face_t, face));
+
+HB_WASM_API (ptr_t(face_t), font_get_face) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					    ptr_d(font_t, font));
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, font_get_scale) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				    ptr_d(font_t, font),
+				    ptr_d(int32_t, x_scale),
+				    ptr_d(int32_t, y_scale));
+
+HB_WASM_API (codepoint_t, font_get_glyph) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					      ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					      codepoint_t unicode,
+					      codepoint_t variation_selector);
+
+HB_WASM_API (position_t, font_get_glyph_h_advance) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+						    ptr_d(font_t, font),
+						    codepoint_t glyph);
+
+HB_WASM_API (position_t, font_get_glyph_v_advance) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+						    ptr_d(font_t, font),
+						    codepoint_t glyph);
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  position_t x_bearing;
+  position_t y_bearing;
+  position_t width;
+  position_t height;
+} glyph_extents_t;
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, font_get_glyph_extents) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					      ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					      codepoint_t glyph,
+					      ptr_d(glyph_extents_t, extents));
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, font_glyph_to_string) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					  codepoint_t glyph,
+					  char *s, uint32_t size);
+
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  unsigned int length;
+  ptr_t(int) coords;
+} coords_t;
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, font_copy_coords) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					  ptr_d(coords_t, coords));
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, font_set_coords) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					  ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					  ptr_d(coords_t, coords));
+
+/* outline */
+
+enum glyph_outline_point_type_t
+{
+  MOVE_TO,
+  LINE_TO,
+  QUADRATIC_TO,
+  CUBIC_TO,
+};
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  float x;
+  float y;
+  uint32_t type;
+} glyph_outline_point_t;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  uint32_t n_points;
+  ptr_t(glyph_outline_point_t) points;
+  uint32_t n_contours;
+  ptr_t(uint32_t) contours;
+} glyph_outline_t;
+#define GLYPH_OUTLINE_INIT {0, 0, 0, 0}
+
+HB_WASM_API (void, glyph_outline_free) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					ptr_d(glyph_outline_t, outline));
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, font_copy_glyph_outline) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+					       ptr_d(font_t, font),
+					       codepoint_t glyph,
+					       ptr_d(glyph_outline_t, outline));
+
+
+/* shape */
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  tag_t    tag;
+  uint32_t value;
+  uint32_t start;
+  uint32_t end;
+} feature_t;
+#define FEATURE_GLOBAL_START	0
+#define FEATURE_GLOBAL_END	((uint32_t) -1)
+
+HB_WASM_API (bool_t, shape_with) (HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV
+				  ptr_d(font_t, font),
+				  ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer),
+				  ptr_d(const feature_t, features),
+				  uint32_t num_features,
+				  const char *shaper);
+
+/* Implement these in your shaper. */
+
+HB_WASM_INTERFACE (ptr_t(void), shape_plan_create) (ptr_d(face_t, face));
+
+HB_WASM_INTERFACE (bool_t, shape) (ptr_d(void, shape_plan),
+				   ptr_d(font_t, font),
+				   ptr_d(buffer_t, buffer),
+				   ptr_d(const feature_t, features),
+				   uint32_t num_features);
+
+HB_WASM_INTERFACE (void, shape_plan_destroy) (ptr_d(void, shape_plan));
+
+
+HB_WASM_END_DECLS
+
+#endif /* HB_WASM_API_H */
--- a/src/hb-wasm-api.hh
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-api.hh
@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2023  Behdad Esfahbod
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_API_HH
+#define HB_WASM_API_HH
+
+#include "hb.hh"
+
+#include <wasm_export.h>
+
+#define HB_WASM_BEGIN_DECLS namespace hb { namespace wasm {
+#define HB_WASM_END_DECLS }}
+
+#define HB_WASM_API(ret_t, name) HB_INTERNAL ret_t name
+#define HB_WASM_API_COMPOUND(ret_t, name) HB_INTERNAL void name
+
+#define HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV wasm_exec_env_t exec_env,
+#define HB_WASM_EXEC_ENV_COMPOUND wasm_exec_env_t exec_env, ptr_t() retptr,
+
+#define ptr_t(type_t) uint32_t
+#define ptr_d(type_t, name) uint32_t name##ptr
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.h"
+
+#undef HB_WASM_BEGIN_DECLS
+#undef HB_WASM_END_DECLS
+
+
+enum {
+  hb_wasm_ref_type_none,
+  hb_wasm_ref_type_face,
+  hb_wasm_ref_type_font,
+  hb_wasm_ref_type_buffer,
+};
+
+HB_INTERNAL extern hb_user_data_key_t _hb_wasm_ref_type_key;
+
+#define nullref 0
+
+#define HB_REF2OBJ(obj) \
+  hb_##obj##_t *obj = nullptr; \
+  HB_STMT_START { \
+    (void) wasm_externref_ref2obj (obj##ptr, (void **) &obj); \
+    /* Check object type. */ \
+    /* This works because all our objects have the same hb_object_t layout. */ \
+    if (unlikely (hb_##obj##_get_user_data (obj, &_hb_wasm_ref_type_key) != \
+		  (void *) hb_wasm_ref_type_##obj)) \
+      obj = hb_##obj##_get_empty (); \
+  } HB_STMT_END
+
+#define HB_OBJ2REF(obj) \
+  uint32_t obj##ref = nullref; \
+  HB_STMT_START { \
+    hb_##obj##_set_user_data (obj, &_hb_wasm_ref_type_key, \
+			      (void *) hb_wasm_ref_type_##obj, \
+			      nullptr, false); \
+    (void) wasm_externref_obj2ref (module_inst, obj, &obj##ref); \
+  } HB_STMT_END
+
+#define HB_RETURN_STRUCT(type, name) \
+  type *_name_ptr = nullptr; \
+  { \
+    if (likely (wasm_runtime_validate_app_addr (module_inst, \
+						retptr, sizeof (type)))) \
+    { \
+      _name_ptr = (type *) wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native (module_inst, retptr); \
+      if (unlikely (!_name_ptr)) \
+	return; \
+    } \
+  } \
+  type &name = *_name_ptr
+
+#define HB_PTR_PARAM(type, name) \
+  type *name = nullptr; \
+  HB_STMT_START { \
+    if (likely (wasm_runtime_validate_app_addr (module_inst, \
+						name##ptr, sizeof (type)))) \
+      name = (type *) wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native (module_inst, name##ptr); \
+  } HB_STMT_END
+
+#define HB_ARRAY_PARAM(type, name, length) \
+  type *name = nullptr; \
+  HB_STMT_START { \
+    if (likely (!hb_unsigned_mul_overflows (length, sizeof (type)) && \
+		wasm_runtime_validate_app_addr (module_inst, \
+						name##ptr, length * sizeof (type)))) \
+      name = (type *) wasm_runtime_addr_app_to_native (module_inst, name##ptr); \
+  } HB_STMT_END
+
+#define HB_ARRAY_APP2NATIVE(type, name, length) \
+    ((type *) (!hb_unsigned_mul_overflows (length, sizeof (type)) && \
+	       validate_app_addr (name, (length) * sizeof (type)) ? \
+	       addr_app_to_native (name) : nullptr))
+
+
+#endif /* HB_WASM_API_HH */
--- a/src/hb-wasm-shape.cc
+++ b/src/hb-wasm-shape.cc
@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2011  Google, Inc.
+ *
+ *  This is part of HarfBuzz, a text shaping library.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
+ * license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
+ * above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in
+ * all copies of this software.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ * ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN
+ * IF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+ * DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
+ *
+ * Google Author(s): Behdad Esfahbod
+ */
+
+#define HB_DEBUG_WASM 1
+
+#include "hb-shaper-impl.hh"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_WASM
+
+/* Compile wasm-micro-runtime with:
+ *
+ * $ cmake -DWAMR_BUILD_MULTI_MODULE=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_REF_TYPES=1 -DWAMR_BUILD_FAST_JIT=1
+ * $ make
+ *
+ * If you manage to build a wasm shared module successfully and want to use it,
+ * do the following:
+ *
+ *   - Add -DWAMR_BUILD_MULTI_MODULE=1 to your cmake build for wasm-micro-runtime,
+ *
+ *   - Remove the #define HB_WASM_NO_MODULES line below,
+ *
+ *   - Install your shared module with name ending in .wasm in
+ *     $(prefix)/$(libdir)/harfbuzz/wasm/
+ *
+ *   - Build your font's wasm code importing the shared modules with the desired
+ *     name. This can be done eg.: __attribute__((import_module("graphite2")))
+ *     before each symbol in the the shared-module's headers.
+ *
+ *   - Try shaping your font and hope for the best...
+ *
+ * I haven't been able to get this to work since emcc's support for shared libraries
+ * requires support from the host that seems to be missing from wasm-micro-runtime?
+ */
+
+#include "hb-wasm-api.hh"
+#include "hb-wasm-api-list.hh"
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_NO_MODULES
+#define HB_WASM_NO_MODULES
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_NO_MODULES
+static bool HB_UNUSED
+_hb_wasm_module_reader (const char *module_name,
+		       uint8_t **p_buffer, uint32_t *p_size)
+{
+  char path[sizeof (HB_WASM_MODULE_DIR) + 64] = HB_WASM_MODULE_DIR "/";
+  strncat (path, module_name, sizeof (path) - sizeof (HB_WASM_MODULE_DIR) - 16);
+  strncat (path, ".wasm", 6);
+
+  auto *blob = hb_blob_create_from_file (path);
+
+  unsigned length;
+  auto *data = hb_blob_get_data (blob, &length);
+
+  *p_buffer = (uint8_t *) hb_malloc (length);
+
+  if (length && !p_buffer)
+    return false;
+
+  memcpy (*p_buffer, data, length);
+  *p_size = length;
+
+  hb_blob_destroy (blob);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void HB_UNUSED
+_hb_wasm_module_destroyer (uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t size)
+{
+  hb_free (buffer);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * shaper face data
+ */
+
+#define HB_WASM_TAG_WASM HB_TAG('W','a','s','m')
+
+struct hb_wasm_shape_plan_t {
+  wasm_module_inst_t module_inst;
+  wasm_exec_env_t exec_env;
+  ptr_d(void, wasm_shape_plan);
+};
+
+struct hb_wasm_face_data_t {
+  hb_blob_t *wasm_blob;
+  wasm_module_t wasm_module;
+  mutable hb_atomic_ptr_t<hb_wasm_shape_plan_t> plan;
+};
+
+static bool
+_hb_wasm_init ()
+{
+  /* XXX
+   *
+   * Umm. Make this threadsafe. How?!
+   * It's clunky that we can't allocate a static mutex.
+   * So we have to first allocate one on the heap atomically...
+   *
+   * Do we also need to lock around module creation?
+   *
+   * Also, wasm-micro-runtime uses a singleton instance. So if
+   * another library or client uses it, all bets are off. :-(
+   * If nothing else, around HB_REF2OBJ().
+   */
+
+  static bool initialized;
+  if (initialized)
+    return true;
+
+  RuntimeInitArgs init_args;
+  memset (&init_args, 0, sizeof (RuntimeInitArgs));
+
+  init_args.mem_alloc_type = Alloc_With_Allocator;
+  init_args.mem_alloc_option.allocator.malloc_func = (void *) hb_malloc;
+  init_args.mem_alloc_option.allocator.realloc_func = (void *) hb_realloc;
+  init_args.mem_alloc_option.allocator.free_func = (void *) hb_free;
+
+  // Native symbols need below registration phase
+  init_args.n_native_symbols = ARRAY_LENGTH (_hb_wasm_native_symbols);
+  init_args.native_module_name = "env";
+  init_args.native_symbols = _hb_wasm_native_symbols;
+
+  if (unlikely (!wasm_runtime_full_init (&init_args)))
+  {
+    DEBUG_MSG (WASM, nullptr, "Init runtime environment failed.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+#ifndef HB_WASM_NO_MODULES
+  wasm_runtime_set_module_reader (_hb_wasm_module_reader,
+				  _hb_wasm_module_destroyer);
+#endif
+
+  initialized = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+hb_wasm_face_data_t *
+_hb_wasm_shaper_face_data_create (hb_face_t *face)
+{
+  char error[128];
+  hb_wasm_face_data_t *data = nullptr;
+  hb_blob_t *wasm_blob = nullptr;
+  wasm_module_t wasm_module = nullptr;
+
+  wasm_blob = hb_face_reference_table (face, HB_WASM_TAG_WASM);
+  unsigned length = hb_blob_get_length (wasm_blob);
+  if (!length)
+    goto fail;
+
+  if (!_hb_wasm_init ())
+    goto fail;
+
+  wasm_module = wasm_runtime_load ((uint8_t *) hb_blob_get_data_writable (wasm_blob, nullptr),
+				   length, error, sizeof (error));
+  if (unlikely (!wasm_module))
+  {
+    DEBUG_MSG (WASM, nullptr, "Load wasm module failed: %s", error);
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  data = (hb_wasm_face_data_t *) hb_calloc (1, sizeof (hb_wasm_face_data_t));
+  if (unlikely (!data))
+    goto fail;
+
+  data->wasm_blob = wasm_blob;
+  data->wasm_module = wasm_module;
+
+  return data;
+
+fail:
+  if (wasm_module)
+      wasm_runtime_unload (wasm_module);
+  hb_blob_destroy (wasm_blob);
+  hb_free (data);
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static hb_wasm_shape_plan_t *
+acquire_shape_plan (hb_face_t *face,
+		    const hb_wasm_face_data_t *face_data)
+{
+  char error[128];
+
+  /* Fetch cached one if available. */
+  hb_wasm_shape_plan_t *plan = face_data->plan.get_acquire ();
+  if (likely (plan && face_data->plan.cmpexch (plan, nullptr)))
+    return plan;
+
+  plan = (hb_wasm_shape_plan_t *) hb_calloc (1, sizeof (hb_wasm_shape_plan_t));
+
+  wasm_module_inst_t module_inst = nullptr;
+  wasm_exec_env_t exec_env = nullptr;
+  wasm_function_inst_t func = nullptr;
+
+  constexpr uint32_t stack_size = 32 * 1024, heap_size = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+  module_inst = plan->module_inst = wasm_runtime_instantiate (face_data->wasm_module,
+							      stack_size, heap_size,
+							      error, sizeof (error));
+  if (unlikely (!module_inst))
+  {
+    DEBUG_MSG (WASM, face_data, "Create wasm module instance failed: %s", error);
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  exec_env = plan->exec_env = wasm_runtime_create_exec_env (module_inst,
+							    stack_size);
+  if (unlikely (!exec_env)) {
+    DEBUG_MSG (WASM, face_data, "Create wasm execution environment failed.");
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  func = wasm_runtime_lookup_function (module_inst, "shape_plan_create", nullptr);
+  if (func)
+  {
+    wasm_val_t results[1];
+    wasm_val_t arguments[1];
+
+    HB_OBJ2REF (face);
+    if (unlikely (!faceref))
+    {
+      DEBUG_MSG (WASM, face_data, "Failed to register face object.");
+      goto fail;
+    }
+
+    results[0].kind = WASM_I32;
+    arguments[0].kind = WASM_I32;
+    arguments[0].of.i32 = faceref;
+    bool ret = wasm_runtime_call_wasm_a (exec_env, func,
+					 ARRAY_LENGTH (results), results,
+					 ARRAY_LENGTH (arguments), arguments);
+
+    if (unlikely (!ret))
+    {
+      DEBUG_MSG (WASM, module_inst, "Calling shape_plan_create() failed: %s",
+		 wasm_runtime_get_exception (module_inst));
+      goto fail;
+    }
+    plan->wasm_shape_planptr = results[0].of.i32;
+  }
+
+  return plan;
+
+fail:
+
+  if (exec_env)
+    wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env (exec_env);
+  if (module_inst)
+    wasm_runtime_deinstantiate (module_inst);
+  hb_free (plan);
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+static void
+release_shape_plan (const hb_wasm_face_data_t *face_data,
+		    hb_wasm_shape_plan_t *plan,
+		    bool cache = false)
+{
+  if (cache && face_data->plan.cmpexch (nullptr, plan))
+    return;
+
+  auto *module_inst = plan->module_inst;
+  auto *exec_env = plan->exec_env;
+
+  /* Is there even any point to having a shape_plan_destroy function
+   * and calling it? */
+  if (plan->wasm_shape_planptr)
+  {
+
+    auto *func = wasm_runtime_lookup_function (module_inst, "shape_plan_destroy", nullptr);
+    if (func)
+    {
+      wasm_val_t arguments[1];
+
+      arguments[0].kind = WASM_I32;
+      arguments[0].of.i32 = plan->wasm_shape_planptr;
+      bool ret = wasm_runtime_call_wasm_a (exec_env, func,
+					   0, nullptr,
+					   ARRAY_LENGTH (arguments), arguments);
+
+      if (unlikely (!ret))
+      {
+	DEBUG_MSG (WASM, module_inst, "Calling shape_plan_destroy() failed: %s",
+		   wasm_runtime_get_exception (module_inst));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env (exec_env);
+  wasm_runtime_deinstantiate (module_inst);
+  hb_free (plan);
+}
+
+void
+_hb_wasm_shaper_face_data_destroy (hb_wasm_face_data_t *data)
+{
+  if (data->plan.get_relaxed ())
+    release_shape_plan (data, data->plan);
+  wasm_runtime_unload (data->wasm_module);
+  hb_blob_destroy (data->wasm_blob);
+  hb_free (data);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * shaper font data
+ */
+
+struct hb_wasm_font_data_t {};
+
+hb_wasm_font_data_t *
+_hb_wasm_shaper_font_data_create (hb_font_t *font HB_UNUSED)
+{
+  return (hb_wasm_font_data_t *) HB_SHAPER_DATA_SUCCEEDED;
+}
+
+void
+_hb_wasm_shaper_font_data_destroy (hb_wasm_font_data_t *data HB_UNUSED)
+{
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * shaper
+ */
+
+hb_bool_t
+_hb_wasm_shape (hb_shape_plan_t    *shape_plan,
+		hb_font_t          *font,
+		hb_buffer_t        *buffer,
+		const hb_feature_t *features,
+		unsigned int        num_features)
+{
+  if (unlikely (buffer->in_error ()))
+    return false;
+
+  bool ret = true;
+  hb_face_t *face = font->face;
+  const hb_wasm_face_data_t *face_data = face->data.wasm;
+
+  bool retried = false;
+  if (0)
+  {
+retry:
+    DEBUG_MSG (WASM, font, "Retrying...");
+  }
+
+  wasm_function_inst_t func = nullptr;
+
+  hb_wasm_shape_plan_t *plan = acquire_shape_plan (face, face_data);
+  if (unlikely (!plan))
+  {
+    DEBUG_MSG (WASM, face_data, "Acquiring shape-plan failed.");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  auto *module_inst = plan->module_inst;
+  auto *exec_env = plan->exec_env;
+
+  HB_OBJ2REF (font);
+  HB_OBJ2REF (buffer);
+  if (unlikely (!fontref || !bufferref))
+  {
+    DEBUG_MSG (WASM, module_inst, "Failed to register objects.");
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  func = wasm_runtime_lookup_function (module_inst, "shape", nullptr);
+  if (unlikely (!func))
+  {
+    DEBUG_MSG (WASM, module_inst, "Shape function not found.");
+    goto fail;
+  }
+
+  wasm_val_t results[1];
+  wasm_val_t arguments[5];
+
+  results[0].kind = WASM_I32;
+  arguments[0].kind = WASM_I32;
+  arguments[0].of.i32 = plan->wasm_shape_planptr;
+  arguments[1].kind = WASM_I32;
+  arguments[1].of.i32 = fontref;
+  arguments[2].kind = WASM_I32;
+  arguments[2].of.i32 = bufferref;
+  arguments[3].kind = WASM_I32;
+  arguments[3].of.i32 = num_features ? wasm_runtime_module_dup_data (module_inst,
+								     (const char *) features,
+								     num_features * sizeof (features[0])) : 0;
+  arguments[4].kind = WASM_I32;
+  arguments[4].of.i32 = num_features;
+
+  ret = wasm_runtime_call_wasm_a (exec_env, func,
+				  ARRAY_LENGTH (results), results,
+				  ARRAY_LENGTH (arguments), arguments);
+
+  if (num_features)
+    wasm_runtime_module_free (module_inst, arguments[2].of.i32);
+
+  if (unlikely (!ret || !results[0].of.i32))
+  {
+    DEBUG_MSG (WASM, module_inst, "Calling shape() failed: %s",
+	       wasm_runtime_get_exception (module_inst));
+    if (!buffer->ensure_unicode ())
+    {
+      DEBUG_MSG (WASM, font, "Shape failed but buffer is not in Unicode; failing...");
+      goto fail;
+    }
+    if (retried)
+    {
+      DEBUG_MSG (WASM, font, "Giving up...");
+      goto fail;
+    }
+    buffer->successful = true;
+    retried = true;
+    release_shape_plan (face_data, plan);
+    plan = nullptr;
+    goto retry;
+  }
+
+  /* TODO Regularize clusters according to direction & cluster level,
+   * such that client doesn't crash with unmet expectations. */
+
+  if (!results[0].of.i32)
+  {
+fail:
+    ret = false;
+  }
+
+  release_shape_plan (face_data, plan, ret);
+
+  if (ret)
+  {
+    buffer->clear_glyph_flags ();
+    buffer->unsafe_to_break ();
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#endif
--- a/src/meson.build
+++ b/src/meson.build
@ -324,6 +324,19 @@ hb_glib_headers = files('hb-glib.h')
 hb_graphite2_sources = files('hb-graphite2.cc')
 hb_graphite2_headers = files('hb-graphite2.h')

+hb_wasm_sources = files(
+  'hb-wasm-api.cc',
+  'hb-wasm-api.hh',
+  'hb-wasm-api-blob.hh',
+  'hb-wasm-api-buffer.hh',
+  'hb-wasm-api-common.hh',
+  'hb-wasm-api-face.hh',
+  'hb-wasm-api-font.hh',
+  'hb-wasm-api-shape.hh',
+  'hb-wasm-shape.cc',
+)
+hb_wasm_headers = files()
+
 # System-dependent sources and headers

 hb_coretext_sources = files('hb-coretext.cc')
@ -418,7 +431,7 @@ custom_target('harfbuzz.cc',
  output: 'harfbuzz.cc',
  input: hb_base_sources + hb_glib_sources + hb_ft_sources +
         hb_graphite2_sources + hb_uniscribe_sources + hb_gdi_sources +
-         hb_directwrite_sources + hb_coretext_sources,
+         hb_directwrite_sources + hb_coretext_sources + hb_wasm_sources,
  command: [find_program('gen-harfbuzzcc.py'),
            '@OUTPUT@', meson.current_source_dir(), '@INPUT@'],
 )
@ -461,6 +474,13 @@ if conf.get('HAVE_GRAPHITE2', 0) == 1
  harfbuzz_deps += [graphite2_dep, graphite_dep]
 endif

+if conf.get('HAVE_WASM', 0) == 1
+  hb_sources += hb_wasm_sources
+  hb_headers += hb_wasm_headers
+  harfbuzz_deps += wasm_dep
+  #harfbuzz_deps += llvm_dep
+endif
+
 if conf.get('HAVE_UNISCRIBE', 0) == 1
  hb_sources += hb_uniscribe_sources
  hb_headers += hb_uniscribe_headers
@ -498,6 +518,7 @@ features = [
  'GRAPHITE',
  'ICU',
  'UNISCRIBE',
+  'WASM',
 ]

 hb_enabled_features = configuration_data()
@ -912,7 +933,10 @@ if get_option('tests').enabled()
  env.set('HBHEADERS', ' '.join(HBHEADERS))

  if cpp.get_argument_syntax() != 'msvc' and not meson.is_cross_build() # ensure the local tools are usable
-    dist_check_script += ['check-libstdc++', 'check-static-inits', 'check-symbols']
+    dist_check_script += ['check-static-inits', 'check-symbols']
+    if get_option('wasm').disabled()
+      dist_check_script += ['check-libstdc++']
+    endif
  endif

  foreach name : dist_check_script
--- a/src/wasm/graphite/Makefile
+++ b/src/wasm/graphite/Makefile
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+FONTS = CharisSIL-R.wasm.ttf Scheherazade-R.wasm.ttf AwamiNastaliq-Regular.wasm.ttf
+ADD_TABLE = ../../addTable.py
+
+all: $(FONTS)
+
+%.wasm: %.cc ../../hb-wasm-api.h
+	emcc \
+		-I ../.. \
+		-I ~/graphite/include/ \
+		-fvisibility=hidden \
+		-Wl,--allow-undefined \
+		-Wl,--no-entry \
+		-Wl,--strip-all \
+		-sERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=0 \
+		-Wl,--export=malloc -Wl,--export=free \
+		~/graphite/src/libgraphite2.a \
+		~/wasm/wasi-sdk-19.0/share/wasi-sysroot/lib/wasm32-wasi/libc.a \
+		$< \
+		-o $@
+
+
+%.wasm.ttf: %.ttf shape.wasm $(ADD_TABLE)
+	python $(ADD_TABLE) $< $@ shape.wasm
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) shape.wasm $(FONTS)
+
+.PRECIOUS: shape.wasm
--- a/src/wasm/graphite/shape.cc
+++ b/src/wasm/graphite/shape.cc
@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+#define HB_WASM_INTERFACE(ret_t, name) __attribute__((export_name(#name))) ret_t name
+
+#include <hb-wasm-api.h>
+
+#include <graphite2/Segment.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+void debugprint1 (char *s, int32_t);
+void debugprint2 (char *s, int32_t, int32_t);
+
+static const void *copy_table (const void *data, unsigned int tag, size_t *len)
+{
+  face_t *face = (face_t *) data;
+  blob_t blob = BLOB_INIT;
+  if (!face_copy_table (face, tag, &blob))
+    abort ();
+
+  *len = blob.length;
+  return blob.data;
+}
+
+static void free_table (const void *data, const void *table_data)
+{
+  blob_t blob;
+  blob.length = 0; // Doesn't matter
+  blob.data = (char *) table_data;
+  blob_free (&blob);
+}
+
+void *
+shape_plan_create (face_t *face)
+{
+  const gr_face_ops ops = {sizeof (gr_face_ops), &copy_table, &free_table};
+  gr_face *grface = gr_make_face_with_ops (face, &ops, gr_face_preloadAll);
+  return grface;
+}
+
+void
+shape_plan_destroy (void *data)
+{
+  gr_face_destroy ((gr_face *) data);
+}
+
+bool_t
+shape (void *shape_plan,
+       font_t *font,
+       buffer_t *buffer,
+       const feature_t *features,
+       uint32_t num_features)
+{
+  face_t *face = font_get_face (font);
+  gr_face *grface = (gr_face *) shape_plan;
+
+  direction_t direction = buffer_get_direction (buffer);
+  direction_t horiz_dir = script_get_horizontal_direction (buffer_get_script (buffer));
+  /* TODO vertical:
+   * The only BTT vertical script is Ogham, but it's not clear to me whether OpenType
+   * Ogham fonts are supposed to be implemented BTT or not.  Need to research that
+   * first. */
+  if ((DIRECTION_IS_HORIZONTAL (direction) &&
+       direction != horiz_dir && horiz_dir != DIRECTION_INVALID) ||
+      (DIRECTION_IS_VERTICAL   (direction) &&
+       direction != DIRECTION_TTB))
+  {
+    buffer_reverse_clusters (buffer);
+    direction = DIRECTION_REVERSE (direction);
+  }
+
+  buffer_contents_t contents = BUFFER_CONTENTS_INIT;
+  if (!buffer_copy_contents (buffer, &contents))
+    return false;
+
+  gr_segment *seg = nullptr;
+  const gr_slot *is;
+  unsigned int ci = 0, ic = 0;
+  unsigned int curradvx = 0, curradvy = 0;
+  unsigned length = contents.length;
+
+  uint32_t *chars = (uint32_t *) malloc (length * sizeof (uint32_t));
+  if (!chars)
+    return false;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < contents.length; ++i)
+    chars[i] = contents.info[i].codepoint;
+
+  seg = gr_make_seg (nullptr, grface,
+		     0, // https://github.com/harfbuzz/harfbuzz/issues/3439#issuecomment-1442650148
+		     nullptr,
+		     gr_utf32, chars, contents.length,
+		     2 | (direction == DIRECTION_RTL ? 1 : 0));
+
+  free (chars);
+
+  if (!seg)
+    return false;
+
+  unsigned int glyph_count = gr_seg_n_slots (seg);
+
+  struct cluster_t {
+    unsigned int base_char;
+    unsigned int num_chars;
+    unsigned int base_glyph;
+    unsigned int num_glyphs;
+    unsigned int cluster;
+    int advance;
+  };
+
+  length = glyph_count;
+  if (!buffer_contents_realloc (&contents, length))
+    return false;
+  cluster_t *clusters = (cluster_t *) malloc (length * sizeof (cluster_t));
+  uint32_t *gids = (uint32_t *) malloc (length * sizeof (uint32_t));
+  if (!clusters || !gids)
+  {
+    free (clusters);
+    free (gids);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  memset (clusters, 0, sizeof (clusters[0]) * length);
+  codepoint_t *pg = gids;
+  clusters[0].cluster = contents.info[0].cluster;
+  unsigned int upem = face_get_upem (face);
+  int32_t font_x_scale, font_y_scale;
+  font_get_scale (font, &font_x_scale, &font_y_scale);
+  float xscale = (float) font_x_scale / upem;
+  float yscale = (float) font_y_scale / upem;
+  yscale *= yscale / xscale;
+  unsigned int curradv = 0;
+  if (DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD (direction))
+  {
+    curradv = gr_slot_origin_X(gr_seg_first_slot(seg)) * xscale;
+    clusters[0].advance = gr_seg_advance_X(seg) * xscale - curradv;
+  }
+  else
+    clusters[0].advance = 0;
+  for (is = gr_seg_first_slot (seg), ic = 0; is; is = gr_slot_next_in_segment (is), ic++)
+  {
+    unsigned int before = gr_slot_before (is);
+    unsigned int after = gr_slot_after (is);
+    *pg = gr_slot_gid (is);
+    pg++;
+    while (clusters[ci].base_char > before && ci)
+    {
+      clusters[ci-1].num_chars += clusters[ci].num_chars;
+      clusters[ci-1].num_glyphs += clusters[ci].num_glyphs;
+      clusters[ci-1].advance += clusters[ci].advance;
+      ci--;
+    }
+
+    if (gr_slot_can_insert_before (is) && clusters[ci].num_chars && before >= clusters[ci].base_char + clusters[ci].num_chars)
+    {
+      cluster_t *c = clusters + ci + 1;
+      c->base_char = clusters[ci].base_char + clusters[ci].num_chars;
+      c->cluster = contents.info[c->base_char].cluster;
+      c->num_chars = before - c->base_char;
+      c->base_glyph = ic;
+      c->num_glyphs = 0;
+      if (DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD (direction))
+      {
+	c->advance = curradv - gr_slot_origin_X(is) * xscale;
+	curradv -= c->advance;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+	c->advance = 0;
+	clusters[ci].advance += gr_slot_origin_X(is) * xscale - curradv;
+	curradv += clusters[ci].advance;
+      }
+      ci++;
+    }
+    clusters[ci].num_glyphs++;
+
+    if (clusters[ci].base_char + clusters[ci].num_chars < after + 1)
+	clusters[ci].num_chars = after + 1 - clusters[ci].base_char;
+  }
+
+  if (DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD (direction))
+    clusters[ci].advance += curradv;
+  else
+    clusters[ci].advance += gr_seg_advance_X(seg) * xscale - curradv;
+  ci++;
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ci; ++i)
+  {
+    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < clusters[i].num_glyphs; ++j)
+    {
+      glyph_info_t *info = &contents.info[clusters[i].base_glyph + j];
+      info->codepoint = gids[clusters[i].base_glyph + j];
+      info->cluster = clusters[i].cluster;
+      info->var1 = (unsigned) clusters[i].advance;     // all glyphs in the cluster get the same advance
+    }
+  }
+  contents.length = glyph_count;
+
+  /* Positioning. */
+  unsigned int currclus = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  const glyph_info_t *info = contents.info;
+  glyph_position_t *pPos = contents.pos;
+  if (!DIRECTION_IS_BACKWARD (direction))
+  {
+    curradvx = 0;
+    for (is = gr_seg_first_slot (seg); is; pPos++, ++info, is = gr_slot_next_in_segment (is))
+    {
+      pPos->x_offset = gr_slot_origin_X (is) * xscale - curradvx;
+      pPos->y_offset = gr_slot_origin_Y (is) * yscale - curradvy;
+      if (info->cluster != currclus) {
+	pPos->x_advance = (int) info->var1;
+	curradvx += pPos->x_advance;
+	currclus = info->cluster;
+      } else
+	pPos->x_advance = 0.;
+
+      pPos->y_advance = gr_slot_advance_Y (is, grface, nullptr) * yscale;
+      curradvy += pPos->y_advance;
+    }
+    buffer_set_contents (buffer, &contents);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    curradvx = gr_seg_advance_X(seg) * xscale;
+    for (is = gr_seg_first_slot (seg); is; pPos++, info++, is = gr_slot_next_in_segment (is))
+    {
+      if (info->cluster != currclus)
+      {
+	pPos->x_advance = (int) info->var1;
+	curradvx -= pPos->x_advance;
+	currclus = info->cluster;
+      } else
+	pPos->x_advance = 0.;
+
+      pPos->y_advance = gr_slot_advance_Y (is, grface, nullptr) * yscale;
+      curradvy -= pPos->y_advance;
+      pPos->x_offset = gr_slot_origin_X (is) * xscale - (int) info->var1 - curradvx + pPos->x_advance;
+      pPos->y_offset = gr_slot_origin_Y (is) * yscale - curradvy;
+    }
+    buffer_set_contents (buffer, &contents);
+    buffer_reverse_clusters (buffer);
+  }
+
+  gr_seg_destroy (seg);
+  free (clusters);
+  free (gids);
+
+  bool ret = glyph_count;
+
+  return ret;
+}
--- a/src/wasm/rust/harfbuzz-wasm/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/wasm/rust/harfbuzz-wasm/Cargo.toml
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "harfbuzz-wasm"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+kurbo = { version = "0.9.0", optional = true }
--- a/src/wasm/rust/harfbuzz-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/wasm/rust/harfbuzz-wasm/src/lib.rs
@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+#![warn(missing_docs)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+//! Interface to Harfbuzz's WASM exports
+//!
+//! This crate is designed to make it easier to write a
+//! WASM shaper for your font using Rust. It binds the
+//! functions exported by Harfbuzz into the WASM runtime,
+//! and wraps them in an ergonomic interface using Rust
+//! structures. For example, here is a basic shaping engine:
+//!
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! #[wasm_bindgen]
+//! pub fn shape(font_ref: u32, buf_ref: u32) -> i32 {
+//!     let font = Font::from_ref(font_ref);
+//!     let mut buffer = GlyphBuffer::from_ref(buf_ref);
+//!     for mut item in buffer.glyphs.iter_mut() {
+//!         // Map character to glyph
+//!         item.codepoint = font.get_glyph(codepoint, 0);
+//!         // Set advance width
+//!         item.h_advance = font.get_glyph_h_advance(item.codepoint);
+//!     }
+//!     1
+//! }
+//! ```
+use std::ffi::{c_int, CStr, CString};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "kurbo")]
+use kurbo::BezPath;
+
+// We don't use #[wasm_bindgen] here because that makes
+// assumptions about Javascript calling conventions. We
+// really do just want to import some C symbols and run
+// them in unsafe-land!
+extern "C" {
+    fn face_get_upem(face: u32) -> u32;
+    fn font_get_face(font: u32) -> u32;
+    fn font_get_glyph(font: u32, unicode: u32, uvs: u32) -> u32;
+    fn font_get_scale(font: u32, x_scale: *mut i32, y_scale: *mut i32);
+    fn font_get_glyph_extents(font: u32, glyph: u32, extents: *mut CGlyphExtents) -> bool;
+    fn font_glyph_to_string(font: u32, glyph: u32, str: *const u8, len: u32);
+    fn font_get_glyph_h_advance(font: u32, glyph: u32) -> i32;
+    fn font_get_glyph_v_advance(font: u32, glyph: u32) -> i32;
+    fn font_copy_glyph_outline(font: u32, glyph: u32, outline: *mut CGlyphOutline) -> bool;
+    fn face_copy_table(font: u32, tag: u32, blob: *mut Blob) -> bool;
+    fn buffer_copy_contents(buffer: u32, cbuffer: *mut CBufferContents) -> bool;
+    fn buffer_set_contents(buffer: u32, cbuffer: &CBufferContents) -> bool;
+    fn debugprint(s: *const u8);
+    fn shape_with(
+        font: u32,
+        buffer: u32,
+        features: u32,
+        num_features: u32,
+        shaper: *const u8,
+    ) -> i32;
+}
+
+/// An opaque reference to a font at a given size and
+/// variation. It is equivalent to the `hb_font_t` pointer
+/// in Harfbuzz.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Font(u32);
+
+impl Font {
+    /// Initialize a `Font` struct from the reference provided
+    /// by Harfbuzz to the `shape` function.
+    pub fn from_ref(ptr: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(ptr)
+    }
+    /// Call the given Harfbuzz shaper on a buffer reference.
+    ///
+    /// For example, `font.shape_with(buffer_ref, "ot")` will
+    /// run standard OpenType shaping, allowing you to modify
+    /// the buffer contents after glyph mapping, substitution
+    /// and positioning has taken place.
+    pub fn shape_with(&self, buffer_ref: u32, shaper: &str) {
+        let c_shaper = CString::new(shaper).unwrap();
+        unsafe {
+            shape_with(self.0, buffer_ref, 0, 0, c_shaper.as_ptr() as *const u8);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the font face object that this font belongs to.
+    pub fn get_face(&self) -> Face {
+        Face(unsafe { font_get_face(self.0) })
+    }
+
+    /// Map a Unicode codepoint to a glyph ID.
+    ///
+    /// The `uvs` parameter specifies a Unicode Variation
+    /// Selector codepoint which is used in conjunction with
+    /// [format 14 cmap tables](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/cmap#format-14-unicode-variation-sequences)
+    /// to provide alternate glyph mappings for characters with
+    /// Unicode Variation Sequences. Generally you will pass
+    /// `0`.
+    pub fn get_glyph(&self, unicode: u32, uvs: u32) -> u32 {
+        unsafe { font_get_glyph(self.0, unicode, uvs) }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the extents for a given glyph ID, in its design position.
+    pub fn get_glyph_extents(&self, glyph: u32) -> CGlyphExtents {
+        let mut extents = CGlyphExtents::default();
+        unsafe {
+            font_get_glyph_extents(self.0, glyph, &mut extents);
+        }
+        extents
+    }
+
+    /// Get the default advance width for a given glyph ID.
+    pub fn get_glyph_h_advance(&self, glyph: u32) -> i32 {
+        unsafe { font_get_glyph_h_advance(self.0, glyph) }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the default vertical advance for a given glyph ID.
+    fn get_glyph_v_advance(&self, glyph: u32) -> i32 {
+        unsafe { font_get_glyph_v_advance(self.0, glyph) }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the name of a glyph.
+    ///
+    /// If no names are provided by the font, names of the form
+    /// `gidXXX` are constructed.
+    pub fn get_glyph_name(&self, glyph: u32) -> String {
+        let mut s = [1u8; 32];
+        unsafe {
+            font_glyph_to_string(self.0, glyph, s.as_mut_ptr(), 32);
+        }
+        unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(s.as_ptr() as *const _) }
+            .to_str()
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_string()
+    }
+
+    /// Get the X and Y scale factor applied to this font.
+    ///
+    /// This should be divided by the units per em value to
+    /// provide a scale factor mapping from design units to
+    /// user units. (See [`Face::get_upem`].)
+    pub fn get_scale(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        let mut x_scale: i32 = 0;
+        let mut y_scale: i32 = 0;
+        unsafe {
+            font_get_scale(
+                self.0,
+                &mut x_scale as *mut c_int,
+                &mut y_scale as *mut c_int,
+            )
+        };
+        (x_scale, y_scale)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "kurbo")]
+    /// Get the outline of a glyph as a vector of bezier paths
+    pub fn get_outline(&self, glyph: u32) -> Vec<BezPath> {
+        let mut outline = CGlyphOutline {
+            n_points: 0,
+            points: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+            n_contours: 0,
+            contours: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+        };
+        let end_pts_of_contours: &[usize] = unsafe {
+            font_copy_glyph_outline(self.0, glyph, &mut outline);
+            std::slice::from_raw_parts(outline.contours, outline.n_contours as usize)
+        };
+        let points: &[CGlyphOutlinePoint] =
+            unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(outline.points, outline.n_points as usize) };
+        let mut results: Vec<BezPath> = vec![];
+        let mut start_pt: usize = 0;
+        for end_pt in end_pts_of_contours {
+            let this_contour = &points[start_pt..*end_pt];
+            start_pt = *end_pt;
+            let mut path = BezPath::new();
+            let mut ix = 0;
+            while ix < this_contour.len() {
+                let point = &this_contour[ix];
+                match point.pointtype {
+                    PointType::MoveTo => path.move_to((point.x as f64, point.y as f64)),
+                    PointType::LineTo => path.line_to((point.x as f64, point.y as f64)),
+                    PointType::QuadraticTo => {
+                        ix += 1;
+                        let end_pt = &this_contour[ix];
+                        path.quad_to(
+                            (point.x as f64, point.y as f64),
+                            (end_pt.x as f64, end_pt.y as f64),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    PointType::CubicTo => {
+                        ix += 1;
+                        let mid_pt = &this_contour[ix];
+                        ix += 1;
+                        let end_pt = &this_contour[ix];
+                        path.curve_to(
+                            (point.x as f64, point.y as f64),
+                            (mid_pt.x as f64, mid_pt.y as f64),
+                            (end_pt.x as f64, end_pt.y as f64),
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                ix += 1;
+            }
+            path.close_path();
+            results.push(path);
+        }
+        results
+    }
+}
+
+/// An opaque reference to a font face, equivalent to the `hb_face_t` pointer
+/// in Harfbuzz.
+///
+/// This is generally returned from [`Font::get_face`].
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Face(u32);
+
+impl Face {
+    /// Get a blob containing the contents of the given binary font table.
+    pub fn reference_table(&self, tag: &str) -> Blob {
+        let mut tag_u: u32 = 0;
+        let mut chars = tag.chars();
+        tag_u |= (chars.next().unwrap() as u32) << 24;
+        tag_u |= (chars.next().unwrap() as u32) << 16;
+        tag_u |= (chars.next().unwrap() as u32) << 8;
+        tag_u |= chars.next().unwrap() as u32;
+        let mut blob = Blob {
+            data: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+            length: 0,
+        };
+        unsafe {
+            face_copy_table(self.0, tag_u, &mut blob);
+        }
+        blob
+    }
+
+    /// Get the face's design units per em.
+    pub fn get_upem(&self) -> u32 {
+        unsafe { face_get_upem(self.0) }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Trait implemented by custom structs representing buffer items
+pub trait BufferItem {
+    /// Construct an item in your preferred representation out of the info and position data provided by Harfbuzz.
+    fn from_c(info: CGlyphInfo, position: CGlyphPosition) -> Self;
+    /// Return info and position data to Harfbuzz.
+    fn to_c(self) -> (CGlyphInfo, CGlyphPosition);
+}
+
+/// Generic representation of a Harfbuzz buffer item.
+///
+/// By making this generic, we allow you to implement your own
+/// representations of buffer items; for example, in your shaper,
+/// you may want certain fields to keep track of the glyph's name,
+/// extents, or shape, so you would want a custom struct to represent
+/// buffer items. If you don't care about any of them, use the
+/// supplied `GlyphBuffer` struct.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Buffer<T: BufferItem> {
+    _ptr: u32,
+    /// Glyphs in the buffer
+    pub glyphs: Vec<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: BufferItem> Buffer<T> {
+    /// Construct a buffer from the pointer Harfbuzz provides to the WASM.
+    ///
+    /// The `Buffer` struct implements Drop, meaning that when the shaping
+    /// function is finished, the buffer contents are sent back to Harfbuzz.
+    pub fn from_ref(ptr: u32) -> Self {
+        let mut c_contents = CBufferContents {
+            info: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+            position: std::ptr::null_mut(),
+            length: 0,
+        };
+
+        unsafe {
+            buffer_copy_contents(ptr, &mut c_contents) || panic!("Couldn't copy buffer contents")
+        };
+        let positions: Vec<CGlyphPosition> = unsafe {
+            std::slice::from_raw_parts(c_contents.position, c_contents.length as usize).to_vec()
+        };
+        let infos: Vec<CGlyphInfo> = unsafe {
+            std::slice::from_raw_parts(c_contents.info, c_contents.length as usize).to_vec()
+        };
+        Buffer {
+            glyphs: infos
+                .into_iter()
+                .zip(positions.into_iter())
+                .map(|(i, p)| T::from_c(i, p))
+                .collect(),
+            _ptr: ptr,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: BufferItem> Drop for Buffer<T> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let mut positions: Vec<CGlyphPosition>;
+        let mut infos: Vec<CGlyphInfo>;
+        let glyphs = std::mem::take(&mut self.glyphs);
+        (infos, positions) = glyphs.into_iter().map(|g| g.to_c()).unzip();
+        let c_contents = CBufferContents {
+            length: positions.len() as u32,
+            info: infos[..].as_mut_ptr(),
+            position: positions[..].as_mut_ptr(),
+        };
+        unsafe {
+            if !buffer_set_contents(self._ptr, &c_contents) {
+                panic!("Couldn't set buffer contents");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Some data provided by Harfbuzz.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct Blob {
+    /// Length of the blob in bytes
+    pub length: u32,
+    /// A raw pointer to the contents
+    pub data: *mut u8,
+}
+
+/// Glyph information in a buffer item provided by Harfbuzz
+///
+/// You'll only need to interact with this if you're writing
+/// your own buffer item structure.
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct CGlyphInfo {
+    pub codepoint: u32,
+    pub mask: u32,
+    pub cluster: u32,
+    pub var1: u32,
+    pub var2: u32,
+}
+
+/// Glyph positioning information in a buffer item provided by Harfbuzz
+///
+/// You'll only need to interact with this if you're writing
+/// your own buffer item structure.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CGlyphPosition {
+    pub x_advance: i32,
+    pub y_advance: i32,
+    pub x_offset: i32,
+    pub y_offset: i32,
+    pub var: u32,
+}
+
+/// Glyph extents
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+#[repr(C)]
+pub struct CGlyphExtents {
+    /// The scaled left side bearing of the glyph
+    pub x_bearing: i32,
+    /// The scaled coordinate of the top of the glyph
+    pub y_bearing: i32,
+    /// The width of the glyph
+    pub width: i32,
+    /// The height of the glyph
+    pub height: i32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct CBufferContents {
+    length: u32,
+    info: *mut CGlyphInfo,
+    position: *mut CGlyphPosition,
+}
+
+/// Ergonomic representation of a Harfbuzz buffer item
+///
+/// Harfbuzz buffers are normally split into two arrays,
+/// one representing glyph information and the other
+/// representing glyph positioning. In Rust, this would
+/// require lots of zipping and unzipping, so we zip them
+/// together into a single structure for you.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Glyph {
+    /// The Unicode codepoint or glyph ID of the item
+    pub codepoint: u32,
+    /// The index of the cluster in the input text where this came from
+    pub cluster: u32,
+    /// The horizontal advance of the glyph
+    pub x_advance: i32,
+    /// The vertical advance of the glyph
+    pub y_advance: i32,
+    /// The horizontal offset of the glyph
+    pub x_offset: i32,
+    /// The vertical offset of the glyph
+    pub y_offset: i32,
+    /// You can use this for whatever you like
+    pub flags: u32,
+}
+impl BufferItem for Glyph {
+    fn from_c(info: CGlyphInfo, pos: CGlyphPosition) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            codepoint: info.codepoint,
+            cluster: info.cluster,
+            x_advance: pos.x_advance,
+            y_advance: pos.y_advance,
+            x_offset: pos.x_offset,
+            y_offset: pos.y_offset,
+            flags: 0,
+        }
+    }
+    fn to_c(self) -> (CGlyphInfo, CGlyphPosition) {
+        let info = CGlyphInfo {
+            codepoint: self.codepoint,
+            cluster: self.cluster,
+            mask: 0,
+            var1: 0,
+            var2: 0,
+        };
+        let pos = CGlyphPosition {
+            x_advance: self.x_advance,
+            y_advance: self.y_advance,
+            x_offset: self.x_offset,
+            y_offset: self.y_offset,
+            var: 0,
+        };
+        (info, pos)
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[allow(clippy::enum_variant_names)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+enum PointType {
+    MoveTo,
+    LineTo,
+    QuadraticTo,
+    CubicTo,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct CGlyphOutlinePoint {
+    x: f32,
+    y: f32,
+    pointtype: PointType,
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct CGlyphOutline {
+    n_points: usize,
+    points: *mut CGlyphOutlinePoint,
+    n_contours: usize,
+    contours: *mut usize,
+}
+
+/// Our default buffer item struct. See also [`Glyph`].
+pub type GlyphBuffer = Buffer<Glyph>;
+
+/// Write a string to the Harfbuzz debug log.
+pub fn debug(s: &str) {
+    let c_s = CString::new(s).unwrap();
+    unsafe {
+        debugprint(c_s.as_ptr() as *const u8);
+    };
+}
--- a/src/wasm/sample/c/Makefile
+++ b/src/wasm/sample/c/Makefile
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+ADD_TABLE = ../../../addTable.py
+
+all: test-fallback.wasm.ttf test-ot.wasm.ttf
+
+%.wasm: %.cc ../../../hb-wasm-api.h
+	clang \
+		--target=wasm32-unknown-wasi \
+		-Wl,--no-entry \
+		-fvisibility=hidden \
+		-Wl,--allow-undefined \
+		-nostdlib \
+		-I ../../.. \
+		$< \
+		-o $@
+
+test-fallback.wasm.ttf: test.ttf shape-fallback.wasm $(ADD_TABLE)
+	python $(ADD_TABLE) $< $@ shape-fallback.wasm
+
+test-ot.wasm.ttf: test.ttf shape-ot.wasm $(ADD_TABLE)
+	python $(ADD_TABLE) $< $@ shape-ot.wasm
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) test-fallback.wasm.ttf test-ot.wasm.ttf shape-fallback.wasm shape-ot.wasm
+
+.PRECIOUS: *.wasm
--- a/src/wasm/sample/c/shape-fallback.cc
+++ b/src/wasm/sample/c/shape-fallback.cc
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#define HB_WASM_INTERFACE(ret_t, name) __attribute__((export_name(#name))) ret_t name
+
+#include <hb-wasm-api.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+void debugprint (const char *s);
+void debugprint1 (const char *s, int32_t);
+void debugprint2 (const char *s, int32_t, int32_t);
+}
+
+bool_t
+shape (void *shape_plan,
+       font_t *font,
+       buffer_t *buffer,
+       const feature_t *features,
+       uint32_t num_features)
+{
+  face_t *face = font_get_face (font);
+
+  blob_t blob = BLOB_INIT;
+  face_copy_table (face, TAG ('c','m','a','p'), &blob);
+
+  debugprint1 ("cmap length", blob.length);
+
+  blob_free (&blob);
+
+  buffer_contents_t contents = BUFFER_CONTENTS_INIT;
+  if (!buffer_copy_contents (buffer, &contents))
+    return false;
+
+  debugprint1 ("buffer length", contents.length);
+
+  glyph_outline_t outline = GLYPH_OUTLINE_INIT;
+
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < contents.length; i++)
+  {
+    char name[64];
+
+    debugprint1 ("glyph at", i);
+
+    font_glyph_to_string (font, contents.info[i].codepoint, name, sizeof (name));
+
+    debugprint (name);
+
+    contents.info[i].codepoint = font_get_glyph (font, contents.info[i].codepoint, 0);
+    contents.pos[i].x_advance = font_get_glyph_h_advance (font, contents.info[i].codepoint);
+
+    font_copy_glyph_outline (font, contents.info[i].codepoint, &outline);
+    debugprint1 ("num outline points", outline.n_points);
+    debugprint1 ("num outline contours", outline.n_contours);
+  }
+
+  glyph_outline_free (&outline);
+
+  bool_t ret = buffer_set_contents (buffer, &contents);
+
+  buffer_contents_free (&contents);
+
+  return ret;
+}
--- a/src/wasm/sample/c/shape-ot.cc
+++ b/src/wasm/sample/c/shape-ot.cc
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#define HB_WASM_INTERFACE(ret_t, name) __attribute__((export_name(#name))) ret_t name
+
+#include <hb-wasm-api.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+void debugprint1 (const char *s, int32_t);
+void debugprint2 (const char *s, int32_t, int32_t);
+}
+
+bool_t
+shape (void *shape_plan,
+       font_t *font,
+       buffer_t *buffer,
+       const feature_t *features,
+       uint32_t num_features)
+{
+  return shape_with (font, buffer, features, num_features, "ot");
+}
--- a/src/wasm/sample/c/test.ttf
+++ b/src/wasm/sample/c/test.ttf
--- a/src/wasm/sample/rust/hello-wasm/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/wasm/sample/rust/hello-wasm/Cargo.toml
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[package]
+name = "hello-wasm"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+#externref = "0.1.0"
+wasm-bindgen = "0.2.0"
+tiny-rng = "0.2.0"
+harfbuzz-wasm = { path="../../../rust/harfbuzz-wasm"}
--- a/src/wasm/sample/rust/hello-wasm/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/wasm/sample/rust/hello-wasm/src/lib.rs
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use harfbuzz_wasm::{Font, GlyphBuffer};
+use tiny_rng::{Rand, Rng};
+use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+pub fn shape(
+    _shape_plan: u32,
+    font_ref: u32,
+    buf_ref: u32,
+    _features: u32,
+    _num_features: u32,
+) -> i32 {
+    let mut rng = Rng::from_seed(123456);
+    let font = Font::from_ref(font_ref);
+    font.shape_with(buf_ref, "ot");
+    let mut buffer = GlyphBuffer::from_ref(buf_ref);
+    for mut item in buffer.glyphs.iter_mut() {
+        // Randomize it!
+        item.x_offset = ((rng.rand_u32() as i32) >> 24) - 120;
+        item.y_offset = ((rng.rand_u32() as i32) >> 24) - 120;
+    }
+    // Buffer is written back to HB on drop
+    1
+}