diff --git a/lib/twine/formatters/abstract.rb b/lib/twine/formatters/abstract.rb
index 17a2115..818495f 100644
--- a/lib/twine/formatters/abstract.rb
+++ b/lib/twine/formatters/abstract.rb
@@ -149,6 +149,9 @@ module Twine
 
       def format_row(row, lang, default_lang)
         value = row.translated_string_for_lang(lang, default_lang)
+        if value.nil? && @options[:include_untranslated]
+          value = row.translated_string_for_lang(@strings.language_codes[0])
+        end
         return nil unless value
 
         result = ""
@@ -157,7 +160,7 @@ module Twine
           result += comment + "\n" if comment
         end
 
-        result += key_value_pattern % { key: format_key(row.key), value: format_value(value) }
+        result += key_value_pattern % { key: format_key(row.key.dup), value: format_value(value.dup) }
       end
 
       def format_comment(comment)
@@ -168,11 +171,11 @@ module Twine
       end
 
       def format_key(key)
-        raise NotImplementedError.new("You must implement format_key in your formatter class.")
+        key
       end
 
       def format_value(value)
-        raise NotImplementedError.new("You must implement format_value in your formatter class.")
+        value
       end
 
       def write_file(path, lang)
diff --git a/lib/twine/formatters/android.rb b/lib/twine/formatters/android.rb
index d300a28..c3cf504 100644
--- a/lib/twine/formatters/android.rb
+++ b/lib/twine/formatters/android.rb
@@ -95,45 +95,6 @@ module Twine
         "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n<!-- Android Strings File -->\n<!-- Generated by Twine #{Twine::VERSION} -->\n<!-- Language: #{lang} -->"
       end
 
-      def format_section_header(section)
-        "\t<!-- SECTION: #{section.name} -->"
-      end
-
-      def format_row(row, lang, default_lang)
-        result = ""
-        key = row.key
-
-        value = row.translated_string_for_lang(lang, default_lang)
-        if !value && @options[:include_untranslated]
-          value = row.translated_string_for_lang(@strings.language_codes[0])
-        end
-
-        if value # if values is nil, there was no appropriate translation, so let Android handle the defaulting
-          value = String.new(value) # use a copy to prevent modifying the original
-
-          # Android enforces the following rules on the values
-          #  1) apostrophes and quotes must be escaped with a backslash
-          value.gsub!('\'', '\\\\\'')
-          value.gsub!('"', '\\\\"')
-          #  2) HTML escape the string
-          value = CGI.escapeHTML(value)
-          #  3) fix substitutions (e.g. %s/%@)
-          value = androidify_substitutions(value)
-          #  4) replace beginning and end spaces with \0020. Otherwise Android strips them.
-          value.gsub!(/\A *| *\z/) { |spaces| '\u0020' * spaces.length }
-
-          comment = row.comment
-          if comment
-            comment = comment.gsub('--', '—')
-          end
-
-          if comment && comment.length > 0
-            result += "\t<!-- #{comment} -->\n"
-          end
-          result +=  "\t<string name=\"#{key}\">#{value}</string>"
-        end
-      end
-
       def format_sections(lang, default_lang)
         result = '<resources>'
         
@@ -142,6 +103,31 @@ module Twine
         result += '</resources>'
       end
 
+      def format_section_header(section)
+        "\t<!-- SECTION: #{section.name} -->"
+      end
+
+      def format_comment(comment)
+        "\t<!-- #{comment.gsub('--', '—')} -->"
+      end
+
+      def key_value_pattern
+        "\t<string name=\"%{key}\">%{value}</string>"
+      end
+
+      def format_value(value)
+        # Android enforces the following rules on the values
+        #  1) apostrophes and quotes must be escaped with a backslash
+        value.gsub!("'", "\\\\'")
+        value.gsub!('"', '\\\\"')
+        #  2) HTML escape the string
+        value = CGI.escapeHTML(value)
+        #  3) fix substitutions (e.g. %s/%@)
+        value = androidify_substitutions(value)
+        #  4) replace beginning and end spaces with \0020. Otherwise Android strips them.
+        value.gsub(/\A *| *\z/) { |spaces| '\u0020' * spaces.length }
+      end
+
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/lib/twine/formatters/apple.rb b/lib/twine/formatters/apple.rb
index 9ff0b86..2bc63d0 100644
--- a/lib/twine/formatters/apple.rb
+++ b/lib/twine/formatters/apple.rb
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ module Twine
       end
 
       def format_section_header(section)
-        "/********** #{section.name} **********/\n" if section.name && section.name.length > 0
+        "/********** #{section.name} **********/\n"
       end
 
       def key_value_pattern